110 ACANTHOPTERYGII. 



2. Chelmo rostratus, Plate XXVIII, fig. 2. 



Chcetodon rostratus, Linn. Mus. Ad. Fried, i, p. 61, t. 33, f. 2 ; Gmel. Linn. p. 1244; Bl. p. 1184, t. 202, 

 f. i ; Bl. Schn. p. 221 ; Shaw, Zool. iv, p. 337, pi. 47 ; Gronov. Sys. ed. Gray, p. 73. 



Chcetodon enceladus, Shaw, Nat. Misc. p. 2, pi. 67. 



Chelmon rostratus, Cuv. Reg. Anim. ii, p. 190, andllhis. Poiss. pi. 40, f. i; Bennett, Life of Sir S. Raffles, 

 p. 689 ; Cuv. and Val. vii, p. 87 ; Cantor, Catal. p. 158 ; Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. xxiii, Chsetod. p. 20. 



Chelmo rostratus, Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 36 ; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 103. 



D. ^^ P. 16, V. 1/5, A. aTr ! aT , C. 17, L. 1. 47-50, L. r. ff, L. tr. 8/20 (Vert. 10/14). 



Length of head nearly or quite 1/3, of caudal 2/13 to 1/7, height of body about 1/2 of the total length. 

 Eyes — diameter 1/5 of length of head, 2| diameters from the end of snout, and nearly 1 apart. Preopercle finely 

 serrated along both limbs : lower edge of preorbital and supra-orbital margin likewise serrated in the young. 

 Teeth — brush-like. Fins — dorsal spines moderately strong, the soft portions of the dorsal and anal obtusely 

 angular : caudal rounded. In the young the ventral reaches the anal rays, but not so far in larger specimens : 

 pectoral equal in length to the head behind the front nostril. Scales — seven rows between lateral-line and base 

 of sixth dorsal spine. Colours — head and body with five orange cross-bands edged with brown and with white 

 outer margins : a round black white-edged spot in the middle of the soft dorsal and within the fourth cross 

 band : a dark band round the free portion of the tail : soft dorsal, caudal and anal with blue and white edges. 



Habitat. — East coast of Africa through the seas of India, the Malay Archipelago and China. The 

 specimen figured is 4 T "o inches in length. 



Genus, 3 — Heniochus, Cuv. and Val. 



Taurichthys, Cuv. and Val. : Diphreutes, Cantor. 



Branchiostegals five : pseudobranchice. Body elevated and strongly compressed: mouth shoii, or of moderate 

 length. Preopercle finely serrated or entire. Teeth villiform, none on the palate. A single dorsal fin, with from 

 eleven to thirteen spines, the fourth of which is elongated and filiform, anal with three. Scales ctenoid or cycloid, of 

 moderate size, and more or less covering the vertical fins. Lateral-line continuous. Air-vessel present. Pyloric 

 appendages few. 



Geographical distribution. — Seas of India to Polynesia, &c. 



SYNOPSIS OP INDIVIDUAL SPECIES. 

 1. Meniochus macrolepidotus, D. ^-r^f, A. ttt-tsj -'-'• !■ 52-60. Three purplish vertical bands. 



1. Heniochus macrolepidotus, Plate XXVIII, fig. 3. 



Chcetodon macrolepidotus, Artedi, species, p. 94 ; Linn. Syst. i, p. 464 ; Gmel. Linn. p. 1247 ; Bl. p. 1177, 

 t. 200, f. 1 ; Lacep. iv, p. 455, pi. 11, f. 3 and pi. 12, f. 1 ; Bl. Schn. p. 231 ; Klunz. Fische d. Roth. Meer. 

 Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. in Wien, 1870, p. 784. 



Chcetodon acuminatus, Linn. Mus. Ad. Fried, t. 33, f. 3 ; Gmel. Linn. 1241 ; Bl. Schn. p. 229. 



Chcetodon bifasciatus, Shaw, Zool. iv, p. 342 ; Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 75. 



Heniochus acuminatus, Cuv. and Val. vii, p. 98. 



Heniochus macrolepidotus, Cuv. Reg. Anim. ii, p. 191; Cuv. and Val. vii, p. 93, pi. 176; Temm. and 

 Schleg. Fauna Japon, p. 82, pi. 44, f. 1 ; Richards. Ich. China, p. 246 ; Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. xxiii, Cheetod. 

 p. 21 ; Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 39 and Fische d. Sudsee, p. 48, t. xxxvii ; Day, Fish. Malabar, p. 23 ; Klunzing. 

 Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien, 1870, p. 784. 



JDiphreutes macrolepidotus, Cantor, Catal. p. 159. 



Purroamee, Mai. : Chuddulcun, Tarn. : Pah-no-dah, Andam. 



B. v, D. H:lf, P. 17, V. 1/5, A. ^J^, C. 17, L. 1. 52, L. r. fa, L. tr. 9/22, Csec. pyl. 6, Vert. 10/14. 



Length of head 1/4, of caudal 1/5, height of body 2/3 of the total length. Eijes — diameter from 4/13 to 

 1/3 of length of head, 1| diameters from end of snout, and nearly 1 apart. A slight protuberance above each 

 orbit but none on the neck. The maxilla reaches to half way between the snout and the front edge of the orbit. 

 Vertical limb of preopercle finely serrated, more coarsely so at its angle : sub- and inter-opercles entire : opercle 

 with two points. Teeth — villiform in the jaws. Fins — dorsal spines rather strong, the fourth having a filamentous 

 prolongation reaching to the caudal fin or even beyond, the fifth is also somewhat elongated : ventral reaches 

 the anal : the second and third anal spines of about equal length and strength : caudal cut nearly square. 

 Scales — about 5 rows between the lateral-line and the base of the eighth or ninth dorsal spines. Colours — 

 pearly white, with a dark purplish band over the summit of the snout, another over the eyes : a third broad 

 one extending from the three first dorsal spines and posterior two-thirds of the opercle, passing downwards 

 includes the whole of the ventral fin and extends backwards to the anal : the last commences at the summit of 

 the fifth dorsal spine, passes downwards to the base of the seventh, is as wide as to the first ray, and ends in 

 the posterior third of the anal fin. Pectoral, soft portions of dorsal, anal, and caudal fins bright yellow. 



In Cuv. and Val. a variety figured by Bennett, Ms. wherein the colours have become transposed, the dark 

 bands being where the light ones ordinarily are, is named H. permutatus, (Ed. Benn.) 1. c. p. 99. 



