FAMILY, III— MULLID^G. 121 



with a black white-edged margin. In some specimens I have found the caudal with bands much as in TJ. 

 vittatus, but fewer in number and lighter in shade. They possessed no air-vessel. 



A species much similar exists in Madras, differing in that the eye is a Little smaller, the maxilla reaches 

 to below the front edge of the orbit : preorbital scaled. A few villiform teeth on the vomer, some also on the 

 palate. Fins — second and third dorsal spines as high as the body. No band or marks on the fins. A female 

 specimen full of roe a little above 61^ inches long was captured in December, 1867. 



Habitat. — Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago, attaining at least 5 inches in length. 



3. Upeneoides cseruleus. 

 Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1868, p. 194. 

 B. iv, D. 7-8/9, P. 15, V. 1/5, A. 7, C. 15, L. 1. 32-34, L. tr. 2$/7. 



Length of head 2/9 to 1/5, of caudal 1/6, height of body 2/9 to 1/4 of the total length. Eyes — diameter 

 2/7 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, and also apart. The maxilla reaches to below the first 

 third of the eye. Interorbital space flat. Opercle with two spines. Barbels do not reach so far as to below 

 the angle of the preopercle. Teeth — in fine villiform rows in both jaws, in a single row on the vomer and 

 palate. Fins — the first spine of the dorsal fin is minute or wanting, the longest equals the length of the head 

 behind the middle of the eye, or two-thirds of that of the body below it : seven or eight rows of scales between 

 the two dorsal fins : ventral reaches about half way to the anus, but is not quite so long as the pectoral : caudal 

 forked. Scales — finely ctenoid, none on the preorbital bone. Lateral-line — the tubes are rather long and bifurcate 

 in the first portion of the lateral-line, the branches subsequently are short and mostly spring from its upper side. 

 Air-vessel — present. Colours — leaden colour superiorly, becoming dirty white below. First dorsal with a black 

 tip, a whitish band along its centre and a badly marked one at its base : second dorsal dark with a light band 

 along its centre : extremities of caudal stained with black and a band across the upper lobe : pectoral, ventral 

 and anal yellowish. 



Considering the time of year at which all the specimens have been captured and their small size, it is not 

 improbable that they are the young of a larger species, as U. vittatus. 



Habitat. — Madras, to 4 inches in length, most common during the months of June and July. 



4. Upeneoides tragula, Plate XXX, fig. 4. 



Upeneus tragula, Richardson, Ich. China, p. 220 ; Bleeker, Revis. Mull. p. 11. 

 Upeneoides variegatus, Bleeker, Perc. p. 64, and Act. Soc. Ned. ii, Amboina, p. 48. 

 Upeneoides tragula, G-iinther, Catal. i, p. 398 ; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 66. 

 Mullus tragula, Playfair, Fish. Zanz. p. 40. 



B. iv, D. 7-8/1, P. 13, V. 1/5, A. f, C. 15, L. 1. 30-32, L. tr. 2/7, Case. pyl. 6. 



Length of head 2/9 to 4|, of caudal 1/5, height of body 1/5 to 4/17 of the total length. Eyes — diameter 

 4/15 to 1/4 of the length of head, 1 J diameters from end of snout, and 1 apart. The ma xil la reaches to beneath 

 the first third of the eye. Snout rather obtuse anteriorly. A strong preopercular spine, a smaller one at the 

 shoulder just below the commencement of the lateral-line. Barbels reach to opposite the hind edge of the pre- 

 opercle. Teeth — villiform in jaws, vomer, and palate. Fins — first spine of the dorsal fin minute or even absent, 

 first dorsal very little higher than the second : anal commences slightly behind the origin of the second dorsal. 

 Scales — ctenoid, covering snout and preorbital bone : two entire rows between the lateral-line and bases of the 

 dorsal fin : some over forepart of dorsal and anal fins : four rows between the two dorsal fins. Colours — silvery, 

 head and body spotted with brown, a brown longitudinal band passes from the eye through the snout to the 

 base of the caudal fin : dorsal fin with dark, almost black, bands : each caudal lobe with five or six oblique black 

 bars. 



Habitat. — East coast of Africa, Andamans to the Malay Archipelago, attaining at least 4^ inches in 

 length. The specimen figured is from the Andaman islands. 



5. Upeneoides bensasi, Plate XXX, fig. 5. 



Mullus bensasi, Tern, and Schleg. Faun. Japon. Poissons, p. 30, pi. xi, f. 3. 



Upeneoides bensasi, Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. xxvi, Japan, p. 71 ; Gunther, Catal. i, p. 399. 



Upeneoides guttatus, Day, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 938. 



Upeneoides tragula, Gunther, Zool. Record, 1867, p. 160 (not Richardson). 



B. iv, D. 7/|, P. 15, V. 1/5, A. i C. 15, L. 1. 32-34, L. tr. 2/7. 



Length of head from 4/17 to 2/9, of pectoral 2/13, of caudal 1/5, height of body 1/5 to 2/11 of the total 

 length. Eyes — diameter from 4j to 4|- in length of head, nearly or quite 2 diameters from end of snout, and 

 1| apart. The maxilla extends to beneath the front edge of the orbit. The barbels reach to below or rather 

 behind the posterior margin of the preopercle. Preopercular spine small. Interorbital space nearly flat. 

 Teeth — villiform in either jaw, in vomer, and palate. Fins — four rows of scales between the two dorsals, the 

 first of which fins is higher than the second, the longest dorsal spine is two-thirds the height of the body below 

 it and 1/3 more than the second dorsal : caudal forked. Scales — ctenoid. Two entire rows between the lateral- 

 line and the bases of either dorsal fin. The central row along the median line of the abdomen with a blunt 

 keel : scales on preorbital. Lateral-line — the tubules are very arborescent posteriorly, especially on their 



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