122 ACANTHOPTERYGII. 



upper side. Air-vessel — absent. Free portion of tail one half longer than high at its base. Colours — chestnut 

 along the back, becoming golden on the abdomen : head reddish : a silvery stripe from the eye to the centre 

 of the caudal fin, with a row of red spots above and another below it. Dorsals tipped with black and having 

 two reddish bands across them : caudal reddish, the upper lobe having four oblique chestnut bars. Pectorals, 

 ventrals, and anal yellow. 



Jerdon observes (M. J. L. and S. 1851, p. 141) of the sea fishes of Madras, " I have common drawings 

 of two other species of this genus, one of them spotted all over with small red spots, and dorsals and caudal 

 barred with the same, called Te nevere, Tarn. 4 inches long." 



Habitat. — Madras to the Malay Archipelago. It appears to be abundant all the year round on the 

 Coromandel coast attaining to five inches in length. 



6. Upeneoides tasniopterus. 

 Upeneus tozniopterus, Cuv. and Val. iii, p. 451. 

 B. iv, D. 7/J-, P. 15, V. 1/5, A. 7, L. 1. 38, L. tr. 3/7, Ca3c. pyl. 2. 



Length of head, of caudal and height of body each 4/19 of the total length. Eyes — diameter 2/9 of 

 length of head, If diameters from end of snout, and If apart, lnterorbital space flat, a very slight rise from 

 snout to the base of the first dorsal fin, a slight swelling over the snout in front of the eye. Opercular spine 

 weak. Barbels reach to below the first third of orbit. Teeth — villiform in jaws, vomer and palate. Fins — 

 first spine of the dorsal fin the highest and equal to two-thirds of the height of the body, the second very 

 nearly as long : six rows of scales between the bases of the two dorsal fins : pectoral equal in length to the 

 first dorsal spine : caudal deeply forked. Lateral-line — the tubes very arborescent posteriorly. Air-vessel — large. 

 Colours — back reddish, becoming white on the abdomen. A large triangular reddish spot said to have existed 

 on the free portion of the tail but not now apparent. First dorsal fin with three brownish longitudinal bands, 

 second dorsal likewise banded : caudal with six oblique streaks across either lobe. 



Habitat. — Ceylon to Australia, attaining at least 12 inches in length. The description is tak«n from 

 Val.'s type specimen in the Jardin des Plantes at Paris. 



Genus, 2 — Mulloides, Bleeker. 



Upeneus, sp. Cuv. and Val. 



Definition as in tJie family, except that the teeth in the jaivs are in several rows : palate edentulous. 



Geographical distribution. — From the Red Sea and East coast of Africa, through the seas of India to the 

 Malay Archipelago and beyond. 



SYNOPSIS OF INDIVIDUAL SPECIES. 



1. Mulloides flavolineatus, D. 7/|, A. 7, L. 1. 36-37. Barbels thick and reach the hind edge of preopercle. 

 A yellow band from eye to middle of base of caudal. From Red Sea, through those of India to the Malay 

 Archipelago and beyond. 



1. Mulloides flavolineatus, Plate XXX, fig. 6. 



"~7 Mullus auriflamma, Forsk. p. 30 ; Gmel. Linn. p. 1340 ; Bl. Schn. p. 79. 



Mullus flavolineatus, Lacep. iii, p. 406. 



Mullus aureovittatns, Shaw, Zool. iv, p, 618. 



Upeneus flavolineatus, Cuv. and Val. iii, p. 456 ; Rlipp. N. W. Fische, p. 101, t. 26, f. 1 ; Jenyns, Vqy. 

 Beagle, Fishes, p. 24. 



Upeneus Zeylonicus, Cuv. and Val. iii, p. 459, and vii, p. 520. 

 Upeneus auriflamma, Cuv. and Val. iii, p. 461. 



? Hypeneus flavolineatus, var. Cantor, Catal. p. 36. 



Mulloides flavolineatus, Bleeker, Ceram. ii, p. 697, and Revis. Mull. p. 15 ; Giinther, Catal. i, p. 403, and 

 Fische d. Sudsee, p. 56; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 69 (not syn.). 



Mulloides Zeylonicus, Bleeker, Nieuw- Guinea, p. 8, and Revis. Mull. p. 16 ; Giinther, Catal. i, p. 404. 



Mulloides auriflamma, Klunz* Fische d. roth. Meer. Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien, 1870, p. 742. 



B. iv, D. 7/|, P. 17-19, V. 1/5, A. f, C. 15, L. 1. 35-36, L. tr. 2/6, Ceee. pyl. 18. 



Length of head 3/13, of caudal from 2/9 to 1/5, height of body from 4/21 to 1/5 of the total length. 

 Eyes — diameter 3| to 1/4 in length of head, 1§ of a diameter from end of snout, and 1 apart. The maxilla 

 reaches two-thirds of the distance to below the front edge of the orbit. lnterorbital space flat. The barbels, 

 which are thick, extend to opposite or rather posterior to the hind margin of the preopercle. Opercular spine 

 rather weak. Snout somewhat compressed and. pointed. Teeth — in villiform bands in jaws. Fins — first three 

 dorsal spines of about the same length and equal to three-fourths of the height of the body. Five rows of 

 scales between the two dorsal fins. Second dorsal anteriorly half to two-thirds as high as the first, its last rays 

 only half as long as its front ones. The length of the pectoral equals that of the head in front of the hind edge 



* Bleeker considers Mulloides niber, Klunz. 1. c. p. 75 this species : in Garrett's Fische d. Sudsee, t. 43, f. A, is a figure of 

 Ivlunzinger's species life-size, showing ahout 40 rows of scales along the lateral-line. Giinther gives it at 42-43. 



