FAMILY, III— MULLIDiE. 123 



of the orbit. Anal of the same shape as the second dorsal, its first spine minute : it commences slightly behind 

 the origin of the second dorsal. Caudal deeply forked, its lobes pointed. Free portion of the tail l-J- times 

 as long as it is high at its commencement. Scales — ctenoid, extending as far forwards as the snout, none on 

 the preorbital bone : three rows on the cheeks, also between the lateral-line and the base of the second dorsal 

 fin. Lateral-line — tubes very arborescent, especially anteriorly. Avr-vessel — large. Colours — upper surface of 

 the head and back reddish-chestnut, becoming whitish along the sides, and tinged with yellow on the abdomen. 

 A narrow yellow band from the upper edge of the eye to the snout, and a second from below the eye joins it. 

 A brilliant golden band, rather above one scale in width, passes from the hind edge of the eye to the middle 

 of the base of the caudal fin. Fins flesh-coloured, a yellow band along the base of the second dorsal : lower 

 lobe of caudal grey. 



Having examined Val.'s type of Upeneus Zeylonicus I consider it to be this species. 



Habitat. — Red Sea, through those of India to the Malay Archipelago and beyond. The specimen figured 

 is 10 inches long and from the Andamans. 



Genus, 3 — Upeneus, {Guv. and Vol. pt.) Bleelcer. 



Mullupeneus, Poey; Parupeneus, Bleeker (1874). 



Definition as in the family, except that only a single row of teeth exists in either jaw, whilst the palate is 

 edentulous. 



Geographical distribution. — From the Red Sea and East coast of Africa, through the seas of India to the 

 Malay Archipelago and beyond. 



1. Upeneus macronemus, D. 8/9, A. 7, L. 1. 29-30. Last dorsal and anal rays produced. A black band 

 from the eye to below the end of the soft dorsal, a black blotch at the base of the caudal : a deep black band 

 along the base of the second dorsal : ventral blackish externally. Red Sea, through those of India to the Malay 

 Archipelago and beyond. 



2. Upeneus barbmmis, D. 8/9, A. 7, L. 1. 29-31. Last dorsal and anal rays not produced. A black 

 lateral band from the eye to below the end of the soft dorsal : a black spot at the base of the caudal : in some 

 specimens a dark band along the base of the second dorsal. Red Sea, those of India to the Malay Archipelago 

 and beyond. 



3. Upeneus multifasciatus, D. 8/9, A. 7, L. 1. 30-32. A dark vertical band from below the second dorsal 

 to the lateral-line : a second over the free portion of the tail. A black band along the base of the second dorsal : 

 dark lines on the anal. Seas of India to Polynesia. 



4. Upeneus luteus, D. 8/9, A. 7, L. 1. 30. Eyes, diameter 6J in length of head. Light lines about the 

 head : golden spots on many of the scales : second dorsal and anal with three to five longitudinal lines. East 

 coast of Africa through the seas of India. 



5. Upeneus displurus, D. 8/9, A. \, L. 1. 29. Eyes, diameter 4| in length of head. Some light lines upon 

 the head and golden spots on most of the scales of the body. Second dorsal and anal with narrow bands : 

 caudal reticulated. Coasts of Sind. 



6. Upeneus Indicus, D. 8/9, A. -f, L. 1. 30. Purplish-red, with a large oval shining golden blotch on the 

 lateral-line opposite the interspace between the two dorsal fins ; a purplish-black mark on the side of the free 

 portion of the tail. Seas of India to China. 



7. Upeneus cinnabarinus. Red vermilion : upper caudal lobe orange, lower red. A large purplish blotch 

 over the opercle and subopercle. Ceylon. 



1. Upeneus macronemus, Plate XXXI, fig. 1. 



Mullus macronema, Lacep. iii, pp. 383, 404, pi. 13, f. 2. 

 Mullus auriflamma, Lacep. iii, p. 400, pi. 13, f. 1 (not Forsk.). 



Upeneus lateristriga, Cuv. and Val. iii, p. 463 ; Rfippell, N. W. Fische, p. 101 ; Bleeker, Celebes, p. 242. 

 Upeneus macronemus, Bleeker, En. Pisces, Arch. Ind. p. 37 ; Giinther, Catal. i, p. 405 ; Klunz. Fische d. 

 roth. Meer, p. 744. 



Mullus macronemus, Playfair, Fish. Zanz. p. 40. 



Parupeneus macronema, Bleeker, Amboina, p. 281, and Revis. Mull. p. 24. 



B. iv, D. 8/9, P. 16, V. 1/5, A. 7, C. 15, L. 1. 29-30, L. tr. 2|/7. 



Length of head 3/11 to 1/4, of caudal 1/5, height of body 1/4 to 4J in the total length. Eyes — diameter 

 1/5 of length of head, 2j diameters from end of snout, and 1J apart. Greatest height of head equals its length 

 excluding the opercle. The maxilla reaches two-thirds of the distance to below the front edge of the eye. Lips 

 thick. Interorbital space rather convex. Opercular spine rather strong. Barbels reach to nearly opposite the 

 hind edge of the opercle. Teeth — in a single row in both jaws. Fins — first spine of dorsal short, the third and 

 fourth equal the length of the head in front of the hind edge of the orbit, and nearly or quite twice as high as 

 the anterior dorsal rays : last dorsal and anal rays very elongated : ventral a little longer than the pectoral : 

 caudal forked. Scales — finely ctenoid, present on the snout, maxilla and cheeks, not on the preorbital : three 

 rows between the two dorsal fins, and two entire ones between the lateral-line and the bases of the dorsal fins. 

 No enlarged pores on the snout. Lateral-line — with several short bifurcations posteriorly. Free portion of tail 



E 2 



