124 ACANTHOPTERYGII. 



longer than high at its commencement. Colours — a black band passes from the snout through the eye, at first 

 just below the lateral-line, subsequently upon it, and ending below the end of the soft dorsal, it is l.j- scales in 

 depth at its widest part : a black blotch at the base of the caudal fin, these two marks are divided by a light 

 oblique vertical band which passes over the free portion of the tail just- behind the second dorsal fin : some 

 golden spots exist on the scales along the sides of the body. A purplish stripe goes from the eye to the snout. 

 First dorsal violet, second dorsal with a deep black band along its base, it has several irregular transverse 

 lines along its upper half : pectoral with a dark base : ventral blackish externally, reticulated internally : anal 

 with narrow transverse lines as in the upper half of the soft dorsal, but of a violet colour : caudal with a black 

 edging. 



A specimen in the Calcutta Museum has on it an old label with Apogon Amherstinus. It was probably 

 brought, from Amherst by Blyth, but I am unable to find any record of the name having been published. 



Habitat. — Red Sea, those of India to the Malay Archipelago and beyond, attaining at least 8| inches in 

 length. 



2. Upeneus barberinus. 



Mullus barberinus, Lacep. iii, p. 406, pi. 13, f. 3. 



Upeneus barberinus, Cuv. and Val. iii, p. 642; Riipp. N. W. Fische, p. 101; Bleeker, Perc. p. 172; 

 Giinther, Catal. i, p. 405 ; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 70 ; Klunz. Fische d. roth. Meer. Verb. zool. bot. Ges. Wieri, 

 1870, p. 745 ; Garrett, Fische d. Sudsee, t. 42. 



Parupeneus barberinus, Bleeker, Ternate, p. 234, and Revis. Mull. p. 25. 



B. iv, D. 8/9, P. 18, V. 1/5, A. 7, C. 15, L. 1. 29-31, L. tr. 2|/7. 



Length of head 2/7 to 1/4, of caudal 1/5, height of body 2/9 to 1/5 of the total length. Eyes — diameter 

 2/11 of length of head, 3 diameters from end of snout, and 1| apart. The maxilla reaches to nearly midway 

 between the end of the snout and the front edge of the eye. Opercular spine rather strong. Barbels reach to 

 rather beyond the vertical from the angle of the preopercle. Teeth — in a single row of moderately sized ones in 

 the jaws. Fins — first spine of dorsal fin very short, the third, sometimes also the fourth, the highest and 

 equalling the length of the head in front of the hind edge of the orbit, in a large specimen rather more, and 

 about twice the height of anterior dorsal rays : second dorsal fin not having its last rays prolonged : pectoral 

 nearly as long as the longest dorsal spine and equal to the ventral : caudal forked. Scales — finely ctenoid, 

 present on snout and cheeks but none on the preorbital bone. Three rows between the two dorsal fins, and two 

 entire ones between the lateral-line and bases of the dorsal fins. Lateral-line — tubules with several rather 

 long bifurcations posteriorly. Free portion of tail longer than high at its base. Colours — a black band 

 passes from the eye along the lateral-line and from below the middle of the second dorsal it becomes above that 

 line ending 2/3 of a scale above it below the end of the second dorsal : a round black spot at the root of the 

 caudal. In some specimens there is a darkish band along the dorsal fins. 



The similarity between this species and U. macronemus is so great that I have not considered it necessary 

 to figure both. In U. barberinus the bands, especially on the fins, are much lighter, and the last dorsal and anal 

 rays not elongated as in U. macronemus. Both are abundant at the Andamans, and I would suggest an 

 examination of their sexes and the number of cascal appendages in either sex. 



Habitat. — Red Sea, through those of India, to the Malay Archipelago and beyond, attaining at least 

 12 inches in length. 



3. Upeneus multifasciatus. 



Mullus multifasciatus, Quoy and Gaim. Voy. Uranie, p. 330, Atl. t. lix, f. 1. 



Upeneus trifasciatus, Cuv. and Val. iii, p. 468 ; Jenyns, Voy. Beagle, Fish. p. 25 ; Bleeker, Banda, p. 237; 

 Giinther, Catal. i, p. 407 (Synonym, in part) ; Kner, Novara Fische, 71 ; Garrett's Fische d. Sudsee, pi. 44, 

 B.C. 



Parupeneus multifasciatus, Bleeker, Madagascar, p. 42, t. xix, f. 3. 



B. iv, D. 8/9, P. 17, V. 1/5, A. 7, C. 15, L. 1. 30-32, L. tr. 2|/7, Vert. 10/14. 



Length of head 1/4 to 4/15, of caudal 4| to 1/5, height of body 1/4 to 4| in the total length. Eyes — diameter 

 1/5 to 1/6 of length of head, 3| diameters from end of snout, and 11 apart. Interorbital space very convex, no 

 open pores on preorbital bone. The maxilla, which is very broad posteriorly, reaches a little above half way to 

 below the orbit. Barbels extend 1 diameter of the orbit behind the posterior edge of the preopercle. Teeth — in 

 a single conical row in the jaws. Fins — first spine of dorsal minute, third the longest and equal to the length of 

 the head in front of the middle of the eye, and twice as high as the anterior dorsal rays : three rows of scales 

 between the bases of the two dorsal fins. Pectoral as long as the head anterior to the hind edge of the eye : 

 anal commences on the vertical below the third or fourth dorsal ray, it is usually longer at its base than it is 

 high, but in a beautiful figure of this species in Bleeker's Madagascar, 1. c. the last dorsal ray is elongated : 

 ventral reaches the anus : caudal forked. Scales — ctenoid, present on the snout, cheeks and upper jaw, but 

 not on the preorbital bone : 2£ rows between the lateral-line and the bases of the dorsal fins. Lateral-line — 

 tubes arborescent posteriorly. Free portion of tail somewhat longer than it is high at its base. Colours — 

 purplish, a black horizontal band usually exists on the snout, and is continued through the eye sometimes to a good 

 distance behind it. Two or three wide black bands descend from the two dorsal fins or the interspace between. 



