126 ACANTHOPTERYGII. 



If the foregoing species are merely to be recognised by their markings, then the one I procured in Sind, 

 ■where it is abundant, can hardly be more than another form of colouring, consequently those who hold the 

 displurus and plwrotcenia to be distinct, would probably consider this as a separate species. 



Habitat. — Sind, where it attains at least 9i inches in length, probably also found in East Africa. The 

 specimen figured is 8^ inches long. 



6. Upeneus Indicus, Plate XXXI, fig. 4. 



Mullus Indicus, Shaw, Zool. iv, pt. ii, p. 614. 

 Mullus barbatus, Russell, ii, p. 42, pi. 157 (not Linn.). 



Upeneus Russellii, Cuv. and Val. iii, p. 465 ; Richards. Ich. China, p. 220 ; Bleeker, Perc. p. 62. 

 Upeneus Waigiensis, Cuv. and Val. iii, p. 466. 



Upeneus Malabaricus, Cuv. and Val. iii, p. 467 ; Gunther, Catal. i, p. 407, and Fische d. Sudsee, p. 58, 

 pi. xlv, f. B. 



Upeneus Indicus, Gunther, Catal. i, p. 406 ; Day, Fishes of Malabar, p. 28. 



Pa/rupeneus Russellii, JBleeker, Ternate, p. 234. 



Mullus Malabaricus, Playfair, Pish. Zanz. p. 41. 



Parupeneus Indicus, Bleeker, Bouro, p. 148, and Revis. Mull. p. 27. 



Pahtee goolivinda, Tel. : Mussara, Tarn. 



B. iv, D. 8/9, P. 16, V. 1/5, A. V. C. 15, L. 1. 30, L. tr. 2£/7. 



Length of head from 4/15 to 1/4, of caudal 1/5 to 3/16, height of body 4/15 to 1/4 of the total length. 

 Eyes — situated in the anterior portion of the posterior half of the head, or even a little behind it, and from 

 2/11 to 2/13 (larger in the young) of its length, lj diameters apart. Snout somewhat pointed. The maxilla 

 reaches rather more than half way to below the front edge of the orbit. Interorbital space more or less convex. 

 Barbels reach to beyond the angle of the preopercle. Opercular spines small. Teeth — generic. Fins — first 

 spine of anterior dorsal minute, the third and fourth the longest, 1/2 higher than the rays, and equalling three- 

 fourths of the height of the body. Pectoral as long as the head in front of the hind edge of orbit : anal commences 

 slightly behind the level of the second dorsal and is as high as it : caudal deeply forked, the lobes pointed. 

 Scales — finely ctenoid, extending on the head as far forwards as the snout, but none on the preorbital bone : 

 two entire rows between the lateral-line and the bases of either dorsal fins. Free portion of the tail longer 

 than high at its commencement. Lateral-line — tubes becoming very arborescent posteriorly. Air-vessel — present. 

 Colours — purplish-red, with a large oval shining golden blotch on the lateral-line opposite the interspiace between 

 the two dorsal fins, which usually disappears after death ; a purplish-black mark, lightest in its centre, on either 

 side of the free portion of the tail between the end of the dorsal and the base of the caudal fins : yellow lines 

 or spots on the abdomen. Some light violet lines on the upper surface of the head. A broad purple band 

 from the eye to the snout, having a narrow violet one on either side : cheeks pink, variegated with yellow and 

 tortuous blue lines : a dark spot at the corner of the mouth. Dorsal purplish streaked with blue : a few yellow 

 bands on anal, fins pinkish except the caudal, which has the rays purplish, but the membrane has a greenish tinge. 



Amongst Sir W. Elliot's drawings is one of this species labelled Upeneus Pussellii and Kul naveri, Tarn. 

 Jerdon observes, M. J. L. and Sc. 1851, p. 140 : " this very beautiful fish is rarely met with at Madras": Russell 

 also made much the same remark — however, I have frequently obtained it there. 



The species I considered U. spilurus from the Andamans I find to be U. Indicus : the U. Malabaricus has 

 been considered to differ in wanting the spine to the anal fin and thus having only seven rays. 



Habitat. — Red Sea, East coast of Africa, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago and beyond, attaining at 

 least 16 inches in length. 



7. Upeneus cinnabarinus. 



Cuv. and Val. iii, p. 475. 



B. iv, D. 8/9, P. 15, V. 1/5, A. 7, C. 15, L. 1. 29, L. tr. 3/7. 



Length of head 1/4, of caudal 1/5, height of body 4/17 of the total length. Eyes— diameter 1/4 of length 

 of head, nearly 2 diameters from end of snout, and 1 apart. The dorsal profile makes a considerable rise from 

 the snout to above the centre of the eyes. The maxilla reaches to below the front edge of the orbit. A rather 

 strong opercular spine. Barbels rather thick and reach to below the front edge of the orbit. Teeth — conical 

 and in a single row in either jaw. Fins — first spine of dorsal fin short, the second not quite so long as the third 

 which equals rather above one-third of the height of the body below it : the pectoral as long as the head 

 posterior to the front nostril : caudal deeply forked. Scales — three rows between the two dorsal fins. Lateral- 

 line — the tubes very arborescent posteriorly. Air-vessel — small. Colours — of a vermilion, darkest on the back, 

 now there appears to be a central silvery spot in the middle of each scale forming the two rows above and the 

 two below the lateral-line. Dorsal and anal rays yellow, the membrane reddish : upper caudal lobe orange, the 

 lower one red. A large purple spot covers the opercle and descends on to the subopercle. Barbels rosy. 



Habitat. — Ceylon, where it is said to be abundant. The above description is taken from Valenciennes 

 type specimen in the Jardin des Plantes at Paris. 



