133 ACANTHOPTERYGII. 



Po-tcmg-dah, Andam. 



B. vi, D. V°, P- 12, V. 1/5, A. f , C. 17, L. 1. 46-47, L. tr. 5*/15, Csec. pyl. 3. 



Length of head 3/11, of caudal 2/11, height of body 2/7 of the total length. Eyes — diameter 3f to 1/4 

 in length of head, rather ahove 2 diameters from end of snout, and 1 apart. Height of head nearly equals its 

 length. Snout rather elongated and pointed, having a slight swelling above the anterior superior edge of the 

 eye. The maxilla reaches to below the front nostril. Teeth — canines in front of the villifbrm bands in both 

 jaws, and of moderate size ; the first four in the lateral row conically obtuse, whilst the hind ones are large and 

 rounded. Fins — dorsal spines weak, increasing in length to the fourth which equals one-third of that of the 

 body below it, or 2| in the length of the head, and is about equal to the length of the rays. Pectoral about 

 equal in length to the head : ventral just reaches the anal spines, which are of moderate strength, the third 

 being slightly the longest : caudal forked. The height of the free portion of the tail at its commencement 

 equals its length. Scales — from 5| to 4 entire and 2 half rows between the lateral-line and the sixth dorsal 

 spine. Colours — greenish-olive, with an oblong blackish blotch below the lateral-line opposite the middle of 

 the dorsal fin. 



Klunzinger gives only 4i rows of scales above the lateral-line ; if such is not a typographical error his 

 fish cannot be this species. 



Habitat. — Red Sea, through those of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



Genus, 4 — Sphsrodon, Rupp. 



Chrysophrys, sp. Cuv. and Val. : Pagrus, sp. Bleeker. 



Branchiostegals six : psendobranchim. Jaws with conical canines anteriorly and a single row of molars 

 laterally. A single dorsal fin with ten spines, receivable into a groove at their base : three anal spines. Scales of 

 moderate size extending on to the cheeks. Pyloric appendages few. 



Geographical distribution. — Red Sea, throughout those of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



SYNOPSIS OF INDIVIDUAL SPECIES. 



1. Sphmrodon heterodon, D. -^a, A. f, L. 1. 44-48. Rose-coloured, base of pectoral violet. Ceylon and 

 Malay Archipelago. 



1. Sphserodon heterodon. 



Pagrus heterodon, Bleeker, Gilolo, p. 54. 



Sphcerodmi heterodon, Giinther, Catal. i, p. 465. 



B. vi, D. |a p. 15, v. 1/5, A. f, C. 17, L. 1. 44-48, L. tr. 5/14. 



Length of head 1/4, of caudal 1/4 in the young to 2/9 in the adult, height of Jbody 2/7 of the total length. ' 

 Eyes — diameter 3/7 to 1/3 of length of head, 2/3 to 1 diameter from end of snout, and 1 diameter apart. A 

 swelling over the anterior superior edge of the orbit. The maxilla reaches to below the first third of the orbit. 

 Teeth — generic, the molars very broad. Fins — dorsal spines increasing in length to the third and fourth, from 

 whence they continue about the same length : pectoral extends to above the anal : caudal deeply forked and 

 elongated in the young. Colours- — rosy, scales with darker edges : base of pectoral violet. 



Habitat. — Ceylon and Malay Archipelago. 



Genus, 5 — Pagrus, Cuv. 

 Argyrops, Swains. 



Branchiostegals six : pseudo-branchiae. Jaws with an anterior row of conical canines, and laterally fivo or 

 even a rudimentary third row of rounded molars. A single dorsal fin with from eleven to twelve, sometimes elongated, 

 spines, receivable into a groove at their base : anal with three. Scales of moderate size, extending on to the cheeks. 

 Air-vessel simple. Pyloric appendages, when present, in small numbers. 



Geographical distribution. — Mediterranean, Atlantic shores of America, Red Sea, and throughout those of 

 Africa and India to Australia. 



SYNOPSIS OF INDIVIDUAL SPECIES. 



1. Pagrus spinifer, D. V-To a , -&•• s-o, ^- h S3, L. tr. 6-7/18. Whitish, with pink vertical bands. Red Sea 

 and seas of India to the Malay Archipelago. 



1. Pagrus spinifer, Plate XXXIII, fig. 5. 



Sparus spinifer, Forsk. p. 32; Gmel. Linn, i, p. 1273; Bl. Schn. p. 281 ; Russell, Fish. Vizag. ii, p. 1, 

 pi. 101. 



Pagrus spinifer, Cuv. and Val. vi, p. 156 ; Riippell, N. W. Fische, p. 114 ; Giinther, Catal. i, p. 472 ; 

 Klunz. Fische d. Roth. Meer. p. 761. 



Pagrus longifilis, Cuv. and Val. vi, p. 159 ; Bleeker, Celebes, iii, p. 756. 



Soh-ru, Belooch. : Kooroota, Tel. : Soh-ru, Belooch. : Pimuntlai, Tarn. 



B. vi, D. yjis, P. 15, V. 1/5, A. T ? T) C. 17, L. 1. 53, L. tr. 6-7/18, Caac. pyl. 5. 



Length of head 3/11 to 4/15, of caudal 1/5 to 2/11, height of body 3/7 to 2/5 of the total length. Eyes— 



