140 ACANTHOPTERYGII. 



three rows of rounded teeth in the lower, four in the upper jaw. Second anal spine 1/3 of length of head. 

 Silvery, with golden bands along the rows of scales on the body. Red Sea, seas of India to China. 



1. Chrysophrys datnia, Plate XXXIV, fig. 1. 



Coins datnia, Ham. Buch. Fish. Ganges, pp. 88, 369, pi. 9, f. 29. 

 Chrysophrys longispinis, Cuv. and Val. vi, p. 116 ; Bleeker, Beng. p. 93. 

 Chrysophrys Schlegelii, Bleeker, Japan, p. 400, and Verh. Bat. Gen. xxvi, p. 86. 



Chrysophrys hasta, Giinther, Catal. i, p. 490 (not Spa/rus hasta, Bl. Schn.) ; Day, Fish. Mai. p. 29 ; Kner, 

 Nov. Fische, p. 88. 



B. vi, D. AiziA p. 15, V. 1/5, A. T ? T , C. 17, L. 1. 46-48, L. tr. 4-5/11, Ckc. pyl. 4. 



Length of head from 1/4 to 4/17, of caudal 1/6, height of body 4/11 of the total length. Eyes — diameter 

 1/4 to 1/5 of length of head, 1 to \\ diameter from end of snout, and also apart. A slight protuberance above the 

 anterior-superior angle of the orbit. Dorsal profile considerably elevated. Preorbital twice as long as deep, its 

 lower edge usually almost straight, but occasionally notched. In a large specimen in the British Museum it is 

 emarginate in the last three-fourths of its lower edge. The maxilla reaches to below the middle of the orbit. 

 Vertical limb of preopercle very finely serrated : opercle with a well developed spine. Teeth — six incisors in 

 front of either jaw, more closely set and less pointed than in C. Cuvieri, and with rounded teeth behind them ; 

 an outer compressed row, (neither so large or pointed as in the last species, and blunted in the adult,) extending 

 for only four or five teeth, exists in either jaw, internal to which are three or four rows of rounded molars in the 

 lower and four or five in the upper jaw : the inner teeth of the hind rows are the largest : there are no villiform 

 teeth in either jaw. Fins — alternate dorsal spines strongest on one side, the fourth being the longest, and as 

 long as the postorbital portion of the head : first anal spine short, the second as long as the head excluding the 

 snout. Lateral-line — 3^- rows of scales between it and the sixth dorsal spine, 10 rows between the base of the 

 ventral fin and the lateral-line. Colours — silvery-grey, the bases of the scales darkest and their edges silvery, 

 this is most distinct above the lateral-line : a dark interorbital band : dorsal and caudal with black edges, a dark 

 band along the soft dorsal and the first few anal rays. 



Dr. Giinther (Catal. i, p. 490) considers C. xanthopoda and C. auripes, Richardson, synonyms of this 

 species. It differs from C. berda in its teeth, likewise in the strength of the dorsal spines, the number of 

 pyloric appendages, and also of the rows of scales. 



Habitat. — The specimen figured (6 inches long) is from the Hooghly at Calcutta, where it attains at 

 least 18 inches in length. It is found from the Red Sea throughout those of India to the Malay Archipelago 

 and beyond. 



2. Chrysophrys herda, Plate XXXIV, fig. 2, and XXXV, fig. 2 (var. calamara.) 



Sparus berda, Forsk. p. 32; Lacep. iv, pp. 31, 105; Bl. Schn. p. 278 (not Risso.) 



Sparus hasta, Bl. Schn. p. 275. 



Sparus calamara, Russell, i, p. 63, pi. xcii. 



Chrysophrys berda, Riipp. N. W. Fische, p. 120, t. 27, f. 4; Cuv. and Val. vi, p. 113; Richards. Ich. 

 China, p. 240 ; Giinther, Catal. i, p. 494 ; Klunz. Fische d. Roth. Meer. 1870, p. 758. 



Chrysophrys calamara, Cuv. and Val. vi, p. 117; Bleeker, Spar. p. 10; Cantor, Catal. p. 48; Giinther, 

 Catal. i, p. 493 ; Day, Fish. Malabar, p. 30. 



Dun-de-a, Sind. : Calamara, Tel. : Aree, Mai. : Goorne and Gurrapu-mattawa, Tarn. : Kola mudvjan, Hind. : 

 Nya-wah, Mugh. : Moo-roo-kee-dah, Andam. : Jarras, Sind. 



B. vi, D. ii;if, P. 15, V. 1/5, A. ^ C. 17, L. 1. 44-46, L. r. f|, L. tr. 6/13, Caec. pyl. 3. 



Length of head 1/4, of caudal 1/5 to 1/6, height of body 3/8 to 2/5 of the total length. Eyes — diameter 

 2/7 to 1/4 of length of head (in a young specimen 4^- inches long 1/3), lj to 1^ diameters from end of snout, 

 and also apart. Dorsal profile more convex than that of the abdomen, snout compressed and somewhat pointed. 

 The maxilla reaches to below or slightly behind the front edge of the orbit. Preorbital narrow with its lower 

 edge straight, emarginate or even notched above the end of the maxilla. Vertical limb of preopercle a little 

 roughened or even minutely serrated : opercle with a distinct spine. Teeth — six incisors in front of either jaw, 

 the remainder of the teeth with rounded crowns except a few in the outer row of the upper jaw, which are 

 occasionally not so obtuse as the others : three or four rows in the lower jaw, four or five in the upper, the 

 largest being the last of the inner series. Fins — each alternate dorsal spine strongest on one side, the fourth 

 or fifth being slightly the longest and equalling from about 1/2 to 2/3 the length of the head. Pectoral slightly 

 longer than the head. Ventral not reaching the anus. Second anal spine much the strongest equalling from 

 1/2 or a little more (in typical berda) to 3/4 of the length of the head (in the variety calamara), in which 

 last it is much the strongest : caudal emarginate. Scales — four entire and two half rows between the lateral- 

 line and the base of the spinous dorsal : nine rows between the base of the ventral and the lateral-line. Air- 

 vessel — notched posteriorly. Colours — in berda silvery-grey. Scales darkest at their bases and usually a black 

 spot behind the opercle on the shoulder. A black edge to the dorsal interspinous membrane, soft dorsal, caudal, 

 and anal with black edges : a dark band along the anal fin. In specimens from Sind brownish bands usually 

 radiate from the eye. In the variety calamara the fish is dark-greyish, the scales with dark edges, the fins 

 black or edged with black. Some specimens are much darker than others. 



Valenciennes vi, p. 115, observes that he has compared Sp>arus hasta, Bl. Schn. with S. berda (Forsk.) 

 C. V. and that they are identical. " Valenciennes confounds under the name of Chr. berda, Bengal specimens of 



