; 12 ACANTHOPTERYGII. 



5. Chrysophrys sarba, Plate XXXIV, fig. 6. 



Sparus sarba, Forsk. p. 31 ; Gniel. Linn. p. 1275 ; Bl. Schn. p. 280 ; Lacep. iv, pp. 97, 103. 

 Sparus bufonites, Lacep. iv, pp. 141, 143, pi. 26, fig. 3. 

 Sparus psittacus, Lacep. iv, p. 141. 

 Sparus chitehillee, Russell, i, p. 73, pi. xci. 



Chrysophrys sarba, Cuv. and Val. vi, p. 102 ; Riipp. N. W. Fische, p. 110, pi. 28, f. 1 ; Gunther, Catal. i, 

 p. 488; Kner, Novara Fisclie, p. 88; Klunz. Fische d. Roth. Meer. 1870, p. 759. 

 Chrysophrys chrysargyra, Cuv. and Val. vi, p. 107. 

 Tin-til, Belooch. : Chitehillee, Tel. : Vella-mattawa, Tarn. : Suffacla-muddawa, Hind. 



B. vi, D. ^.Vr, P. 15, V. 1/5, A. ^ C. 17, L. 1. 55-60, L. tr. 6-7/14. 



Length of head 1/4 to 4f, of caudal 2/11 to 1/5, height of body 2/5 to 4/11 of the total length. Eyes — 

 diameter 1/3 to 3| in the length of head, 1J diameters from end of snout, and lj apart. Dorsal profile slightly 

 more convex than that of the abdomen. The maxilla reaches to below the front edge of the eye. Preorbital 

 rather above one diameter of the eye in height. Vertical limb of preopercle entire, its angle and lower edge 

 crenulated : opercle with a badly marked spine. Teeth — from four to six broad and compressed incisors in the 

 front of the upper jaw and six to eight in the lower, the remainder of the teeth with rounded crowns the 

 largest being in the inner row, about three rows in the lower and four in the upper jaw. Fins — dorsal spines 

 of moderate strength alternately broader on one side, the fourth being the highest and equal to a little more 

 than half the length of the head. Pectoral longer than the head : ventral not quite reaching the anal and its 

 spine rather longer than the highest in the dorsal fin : second anal spine strongest, of equal length or a little 

 shorter than the third and equal to the length of the sixth of the dorsal or 1/2 the length of the head : caudal 

 emarginate or slightly lobed. Scales — five rows between the eye and the angle of the preopercle : some small 

 ones over the caudal fin, about h\ rows between its almost straight lateral-line and the base of the dorsal fin. 

 Colours — silvery, with golden bands along each row of scales, parallel to the back above the lateral-line and 

 horizontal below it : no dark blotch on the shoulder above the opercle : fins yellowish with a tinge of grey 

 along the upper portion of the dorsal and the end of the caudal : a dark band along the middle of the former 

 fin. Eyes golden. 



Habitat. — From the Red Sea through those of India, attaining at least 16 inches in length. They 

 abound in Madras about April, when the young ascend the rivers and backwaters. As food it is inferior to the 

 berda. 



6. Chrysophrys haffara, Plate XXXV, fig. 1. 



Sparus haffara, Forsk. p. 33; Gmel. Linn. p. 1276; Bl. Schn. p. 279. 



Chrysophrys haffara, Cuv. and Val. vi, p. 108 ; Riipp. S". W. Fische, p. Ill, t. 29, f. 1 ; Gunther, Catal. i, 

 p. 488 ; Klunz. Fische d. Roth. Meer. Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien, 1870, p. 760. 



? Chrysophrys aries, Temm. and Schleg. Fauna Japon. Poiss. p. 68, pi. 31 ; Bleeker, Verh. Bat. Gen. xxvi, 

 p. 87 ; Gunther, Catal. i, p. 489. 



B. vi, D. H, P. 15, V. 1/5, A. J T , C. 17, L. 1. 60, L. tr. 6-7/14, Case. pyl. 3. 



Length of head 4J to 4b-, of caudal 4J- to 1/5, height of body 2| in the total length. Eyes— diameter 3| 

 to 4| in the length of the head, 1£ to 2 diameters from end of snout, and 1 apart. Dorsal profile more convex 

 than that of the abdomen, a prominence over the forepart of the orbit causing the snout to appear somewhat 

 vertical : posterior nostril very elongated. The maxilla reaches to below the first edge of the orbit. Preorbital 

 deep, being 1 diameter of the orbit in height. Preopercle entire : opercle with a spine. Teeth — six conical and 

 compressed ones in front of either jaw, sometimes only four in the lower, the remainder of the teeth with 

 rounded crowns the largest being in the inner row, three rows in lower four in upper jaw. Fins — dorsal spines 

 rather weak, then' breadth on both sides being nearly equal, the fourth the highest and equal to two-fifths of the 

 length of the head. Pectoral longer than the head : ventral reaches the anus, its spine a little longer than the 

 fourth of the dorsal : anal spines comparatively weak, the second a little the strongest and slightly the longest, 

 equal to 2j to 2| in the length of the head : caudal lobed. Scales— five rows between the eye and the angle of 

 the preopercle, about 5i rows between its slightly curved lateral-line and the base of the dorsal fin, a very long 

 one at base of ventral fin. Colours — silvery, with golden bands along each row of scales as in C. sarba : usually 

 no black mark on the shoulder, fins grey, ventral and anal almost black. 



This species is evidently closely allied to the C. sarba, and I have only obtained it in Sind ; it is however 

 at once recognised by its comparatively short and weak anal spines. 



Habitat. — Red Sea and Sind to (?) China: the largest specimen I obtained in Sind measured 12 inches 

 in length. 



Fourth group — Pimelepterina. 



Cutting teeth in front of the jaws and teeth on the palate. 



Genus, 7— Pimelepterus (Lacep.) Cuv. 

 Kyphosus, (Lacep.) Cuv. 



Branchiostegals seven ; pseudobrancliim. Preopercle as a rule serrated. Villiform teeth in the jaws, with an 

 outer row of cutting ones : fine teeth on the vomer, palatines, and tongue. A single dorsal ivith eleven spines, anal 



