FAMILY, XII— SCLENTO^. 183 



wedge-shaped. Scales— ctenoid except on the snout and below the eyes, those on the sum m it of the head as 

 far as the occiput very much smaller than those on the body. A dense band at basal third of soft dorsal and 

 anal fins. Lateral-line — becomes straight above the end of the anal fin, its tubes with two, sometimes more, 

 branches. Colours — brownish silvery, everywhere covered with minute dark points. A diffused bluish spot on 

 the opercle. Nine sinuous brown bands on the body, wider than the ground-colour, passing from the back 

 downwards and forwards : a dark spot in the axilla. First dorsal black, a black band along the whole length of 

 the soft dorsal. Anal similar to soft dorsal. Ventral black. Caudal yellow, with a black tip and white outer 

 edge. 



Two specimens captured at Kurrachee up to 4 inches in length. 



The dorsal fins show considerable similarity to U. Dussumieri, but the scales are ctenoid instead of 

 cycloid. 



3. Umbrina Dussumieri, Plate XLIII, fig. 2 and 3. 



Umbrina Dussumieri, Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 481; Bleeker, Scieen. p. 19 ; Gunther, Catal. ii, p. 279; Day, 

 Fishes of Malabar, p. 48. 



Umbrina amblycephalus, Bleeker, Amb. p. 412 ; Gunther, Catal. ii, p. 278. 

 Seiosna Dussumieri, Bleeker, Memoire Scienoid. p. 56. 

 Tarn hattelee, Tarn. 



B. vii, D. 10 | silir, P. 17, V. 1/5, A. yL T , C. 17, L 1. *W , L. tr. 6/17, Case. pyl. 7-9. 



Length of head 1/4 to 4t> °f caudal 1/7, height of body 4| to 2/9 of the total length. Eyes — diameter 

 2/7 to 3f in the length of head, 1-J- diameters apart and also from the end of snout. Height of head equals its 

 length excluding the snout, and its thickness equals 2/3 of its length. Dorsal profile more convex than that of 

 the abdomen. Snout obtuse, it and the cheeks inflated : cleft of mouth nearly horizontal : the maxilla reaches 

 to below the middle of the eye. Distance between the eye and the upper maxillary bone equals one diameter 

 of the orbit. Preopercle crenulated (scarcely denticulated) in its whole extent, its angle rounded : two 

 opercular spines. Shoulder-lobe with smooth edges. Central barbel below the chin about half a diameter of the 

 eye in length, a deep pore exists on either side of its base : pores on snout generic. Teeth — villiform in both 

 jaws, a few of the outer row and in the anterior portion of the premaxillaries being enlarged, somewhat conical 

 but scarcely curved. Fins — dorsal spines weak, the first short, the two next from 4/5 to as long as the 

 height of the body and three times as long as the rays. Pectoral as long as the head excluding the snout. 

 Ventral reaches half way to the anal. Second anal spine rather above half the height of the first ray. Caudal 

 wedge-shaped in the young, more obtuse in the adult. Scales— cycloid on the body and head : a few over the 

 bases of the soft dorsal and anal fins. Lateral-line — curves to above the end of the soft dorsal, it is in single 

 tubes, which bifurcate posteriorly. Colours — usually of a dark brown or coppery tinge, often nearly black and 

 shot with golden, lightest along the abdomen. Fins reddish-brown, the first dorsal stained with black : other 

 fins with gray edges : ventrals yellow. 



Fig. 2 is from Madras, and of the most common colour there : fig. 3 is from Bombay, has a dark shoulder- 

 spot and generally gray colour, which is the most common appearance in the latter locality : the specimen 

 figured is 7 inches long. 



Habitat. — Seas of India to China, attaining at least 8 or 9 inches in length. 



4. Umbrina Russellii, Plate XLIII, fig. 4. 



Labrus qualar-Jcatchelee, Russell, Fish. Vizag. ii, p. 13, plate 118. 



Umbrina Russellii, Cuv. and Val. v, p. 178; Richards. Ich. China, p. 226; Cantor, Catal. p. 71; 

 Jerdon, M. J. L. & Sc. 1851, p. 132; Gunther, Catal. ii, p. 278 ; Kner, Xovara Fische, p. 131. 

 Umbrina Kuhlii, Cuv. and Val. v, p. 179; Bleeker, Sciasn. p. 19. 

 Scicena InAica, (K. and v. Hass.) Cuv. and Val. v, p. 179. 

 Seioena Kuhli, Bleeker, Bintang, p. 293. 

 Scicena Russellii, Bleeker, Memoire Scienoid. 1874, p. 58. 



B. vii, D. 10 | ^} YT , P. 17, V. 1/5, A. f, C. 17, L. 1. it L. tr. 6/15, Ca3c. pyl. 7 (8 Kner). 



Length of head 1/4 to 4\, of caudal 1/6, height of body Bf c to 1/4 of the total length. Eyes —diameter 

 3£ to 1/4 of length of head, 3/4 to 1 diameter from end of snout, and 1 apart. Greatest width of head equals 

 half its length, its height equals its length excluding the snout. Snout overhanging the jaws, the upper slightly 

 the longer ; the maxilla reaches to below the last third of the orbit. . Nostrils opposite the lower third of the eye. 

 Distance between the eye and the upper jaw equals 3/4 of a diameter of the orbit. Preopercle distinctly 

 serrated: two opercular spines. Barbel equals from 2/5 of the diameter of the eye to nearly as long as it. 

 Pores on snout and lower jaw generic : shoulder-flap serrated. Teeth — villiform in both jaws, with an outer 

 enlarged row in the anterior half of the premaxillaries. Fins — dorsal spines moderately strong, the 

 fourth equal to 2\ in the height of the body and 1/3 longer than the rays. Pectoral equal to the head exclud- 

 ing the snout. Ventral reaches half way to the anal. Second anal spine strong, 4/5 as long as the first ray, 

 and nearly equal to half the length of the head. Caudal wedge-shaped. Scales — ctenoid. Lateral-line — 

 curves to above the middle of the anal fin where it becomes straight, tubes with one or two branches from either 



