214 ACANTHOPTERYGII. 



Habitat. — From the Red Sea and East coast of Africa, through the seas of India to the Malay Archipelago 

 and beyond. It is said by fishermen to attain 5 feet in length. 



b. A single finlet behind dorsal and anal fins. 



2. Caranx kurra, Plate XLVIII, fig. 5. 



Scomber, Russell, Fish. Vizag. ii, p. 30, and Kurra wodagawah, pi. 139. 

 Caranx Russellii, Riipp. Atl. Fiscke, p. 99. 



Garanx hurra, Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 44 ; Jerdon, M. J. L. and Sc. 1851, p. 137 ; Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 427 ; 

 Day, Fishes of Malabar, p. 81 ; Klunz. Verb. z. b. Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 453. 

 Caranx pseudopterygius, Bleeker, Makr. p. 50. 

 ? Garanx hiliche, Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 43. 

 Decapterus hurra, Bleeker, Makr. p. 50, and Nat. Tyds. Ned. Ind. 1851, p. 358. 



B. vii, D. 8 | ^Vo+i, P- 22, V. 1/5, A. 2 | „Hr+i, C. 17, L. 1. 33. 



Length of head 3| to 1/4, of pectoral 1/5, of caudal 1/6, height of body 1/5 to 2/11 of the total length. 

 Eye — with a broad anterior and posterior adipose lid, each of which reaches nearly or quite to the pupil : 

 diameter ef the eyes 1/4 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout and also apart. Greatest width of the 

 head equals 1/2, and its height 4/5 of its length. Lower jaw the longer, the cleft of the mouth commences 

 opposite the middle of the orbit, the maxilla reaches to below the front edge of the eye. The greatest height 

 of the preorbital equals 1/2 the diameter of the orbit, it has three or four well marked raised ridges radiating 

 from its centre. Teeth — villiform in both jaws, becoming a single row laterally, in a triangular spot on the 

 vomer, having a narrow row posteriorly in the median line, a row on either palatine, and in three rows along 

 the middle of the tongue. Fins — spines of first dorsal weak, the third longest and equal to 3/5 of the height of 

 the body : anterior portion of the second dorsal the highest where it equals 2/5 of that of the body, posteriorly 

 it has a detached ray : anal similar to second dorsal. Ventral reaches nearly half way to the base of the anal. 

 Caudal forked. Scales — on the upper surface of the head, cheeks, and opercles, also all over the body including 

 the chest. A low sheath along the second dorsal and anal fins. Lateral-line — consisting of 88 scales, it 

 continues nearly straight until opposite the end of the first dorsal where it gradually descends, and below the 

 15th ray it goes direct to the centre of the tail. The keeled scales at first are moderately so, the broadest equals 

 from 1/5 to 2/11 of the height of the body. Free portion of the tail as high at its base as it is long. Colours — 

 bluish superiorly, becoming silvery below. A deep black spot on the upper margin of the opercle : upper 

 surface of head minutely dotted with black. Fins yellow, darkest at their edges. 



Caranx hiliche, Cuv. and Val. from Pondicherry, is probably this species : its fin rays are D. 8 | -fj + i, 

 A. 2 | -Jj- + i, L. 1. 30. The teeth are not referred to. Klunzinger observes that the type of C. Emssellii is not 

 in the Senkenberg Museum. Amongst Sir Walter Elliot's figures of Madras fishes is this species, termed 

 Moonda hun hilchi, Tarn. 



Habitat. — From the Red Sea, throughout those of India to the Malay Archipelago. It is a small species, 

 attaining 6 or 7 inches in length : it arrives in Madras about October. 



c. No finlets. Outer row of teeth in premaxillaries distinctly enlarged : a single row in the lower jaw, often 



with 2 or 4 canines. 



3. Caranx melampygus, Plate L, fig. 3. 

 Scomber, Russell, Fish. Vizag. ii, p. 34, and Kuroogoo parah, pi. 145. 



Garanx melampygus, Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 116 ; Bleeker, Gilolo, p. 58 ; Jerdon, M. J. L. and Sc. 1851, 

 p. 137 ; Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 446. 



Carangus melampygus, Bleeker, Madagas. 1871, p. 99. 



B. vii, D. 8 | 1^, P. 22, V. 1/5, A. 2 | ^tj, C. 19, L. 1. 34-36. 



Length of head from 4| to 4|, of caudal 1/4 to 4i, height 1 of body 2/7 of the total length. Eye — 

 with a broad posterior adipose lid, extending 2/3 of the distance across the iris, diameter of eyes 3| to 4| in 

 length of head, 1-L diameters from end of snout, and 1 apart. Dorsal profile rather more convex than that of 

 the abdomen. The greatest width of the head equals about 1/2, and its height its entire length. Lower jaw 

 slightly the longer. Cleft of mouth commences opposite the lower third of the eye, the maxilla reaches to below 

 the middle of the orbit. The greatest width of the preorbital nearly equals one diameter of the eye. Teeth — 

 in a villiform band in the premaxillaries having an outer row of conically enlarged ones, a single row in the 

 lower jaw, also present on vomer, palatines, and tongue. Fins — dorsal spines of moderate strength, the third the 

 highest and equal to 1/3 that of the body : soft dorsal having its anterior rays elongated, and equal to 2/3 of 

 the height of the body : anal similar to it but rather lower. Pectoral falciform and equal to 2/7 of the total 

 length. Caudal deeply forked. Scales — on upper margin of head, cheeks, chest, and body : a low sheath along 

 the bases of the soft dorsal and anal fins. Lateral-line — consists of 90 to 95 rows of scales, at first it slightly 

 ascends, then curves to below the 6th or 8th dorsal ray, the height of the arch is not quite 1/4 of its length : 

 it has keeled scales along most of its straight portion, the highest of which equals 1/8 or 1/9 of that of the 

 body. Free portion of the tail half higher at its base than it is long. Colours — greenish gold along the back, 

 becoming silvery along the abdomen : a small black spot on the opercle : dorsal and anal fins dark anteriorly. 



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