FAMILY, XVI— CARANGID.E. 215 



In one specimen about 13 inches in length, from the Andamans, there are small scattered black spots over 

 the body. 



Habitat. — Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago and beyond. The largest specimen I have seen is 

 2 feet in length. The one figured (8 inches long) is from the Andamans. 



4. Caranx jarra. 



Scomber, Russell, Fish. Vizag. ii, p. 35, and Jarra-dandree parrah, pi. 147. 



Caranx jarra, Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 109 ; Bleeker, Makr. p. 58 ; Jerdon, M. J. L. and Sc. 1851, p. 137 ; 

 Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 446. 



B. vii, D. 8 | jAp, P. 21, V. 1/5, A. 2 | -jV, C. 18, L. 1. 33-36. 



Length of head 4|, of caudal 4J, height of body 3f in the total length. Eye — with a broad posterior 

 adipose lid extending 2/3 of the distance across the iris, diameter of eye 4| in length of head, li diameters 

 from end of snout, and rather above 1 apart. Dorsal profile a little more convex than that of the abdomen, 

 the ascent from the snout to occiput rather abrupt. Greatest width of the head equals half, and its height 

 almost equals its entire length. Cleft of the mouth commences opposite the lower edge of the eye, the jaws are 

 of about the same length anteriorly, the maxilla reaches to below the middle of the orbit. The greatest height 

 of the preorbital equals 1 diameter of the eye. Teeth — villiform in the premaxillaries, with an external conically 

 enlarged row : villiform in the lower jaw, on the vomer, palatines, and tongue. Fins — dorsal spines increase to 

 the third which equals 2§ in the height of the body : the first few rays of the second dorsal elevated, 

 the highest being equal to If in that of the body. Pectoral falciform, its length equal to 3/10 of that of the 

 total. Ventral reaches 1/2 way to the anal. Anal similar to soft dorsal, its first few rays 1/2 as high as the 

 body. Caudal forked. Scales — cover the cheeks, upper portion of the opercles and behind the eyes, but none 

 exist along the median longitudinal crest on the head, which is well developed. Present over the body, but 

 absent from the chest in front of the base of the ventral fins. They form a distinct sheath to the bases of the soft 

 dorsal and anal fins. Lateral-line — consisting of 90 scales, in its first half it forms a low, undulating arch, 

 which terminates below the seventh dorsal ray, the height of the arch equals 2/9 of the length of its base. 

 The keeled scales begin at the commencement of the straight portion of the lateral-line, becoming largest below 

 the end of the second dorsal, where they equal 1/9 of the height of the body. Free portion of the tail 2/3 as 

 high at its base as it is long. Colours — greenish above, becoming of a dull white on the sides and below. No 

 opercular spot. 



This species is termed Korandilli parah, Tarn., in Sir W. Elliot's collection of drawings of Indian Fishes. 



Habitat. — Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago, attaining at least a foot in length. 



5. Caranx carangus, Plate L, fig. 4. 



Scomber carangus, Bl. t. 340 ; Bl. Schn. p. 28. 

 Scomber ehala parah, Russell, Fish. Vizag. ii, p. 35, pi. 146. 



Caranx carangus, Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 91; Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 448; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 157; 

 Steind. Ak. d. Wiss. 1869, p. 36. 



Caranx chrysos, Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 117. 



Caranx ekala, Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 117 ; Bleeker, Makr. p. 59 ; Day, Fish. Malabar, p. 86. 



Caranx xanthopygus, Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 109. 



Traclmrus cordyla, Gronov. ed. Gray, p. 124. 



B. vii, D. 8 | ^l w , P. 21, V. 1/5, A. 2 | rf^ C. 19, L. 1. 33-37. 



Length of head 4j, of caudal 4J, height of body one-third in the total length. Eye — with a narrow posterior 

 adipose lid, diameter 2/7 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, and also apart. Dorsal profile rather 

 more convex than that of the abdomen. Greatest width of head nearly equals 1/2 its length, and its height 

 rather more than its length. Lower jaw slightly the longer, the cleft of the mouth commences opposite the 

 lower 1/3 of the front edge of the eye, the maxilla extends to beneath the middle of the eye. Central longi- 

 tudinal crest on the head well-developed. Greatest height of the preorbital equals 2/3 of the diameter of the 

 eye. The lower edges of the sub- and inter- opercles more or less crenulated. Teeth — villiform in the pre- 

 maxillaries, with an outer enlarged and conical row : a single row in the lower jaw, some of which are larger 

 than the others : in a triangular spot on the vomer, a band on the palatines, and also along the middle of the 

 tongue. Fins — dorsal spines of moderate strength, the third the longest, and equal to 1/3 of the height of the 

 body, or 3/4 that of the anterior dorsal rays. Pectoral slightly longer than the head. Ventral does not reach 

 1/2 way to the anal. Caudal rather deeply forked. Scales — a few round the eye on the hind portion of the 

 opercle, on the body, in a patch in front of the ventral fins, but usually none anterior to the base of the pectoral 

 or below its anterior half, the skin however is puckered and wrinkled into little pits, and occasionally the scales 

 extend half-way to between the ventral and anal fins. Lateral-line — containing 90 to 95 scales, the 

 arched portion terminates rather abruptly below the third or fifth dorsal ray, the height of the arch equals 

 3/10 of the length of its base, whilst that of its base equals 3/5 that of the straight portion. Keeled 

 scales commence at the beginning of the straight portion, becoming well developed below the last third of the 

 second dorsal, where they equal 1/8 to 1/9 of the height of the body. Free portion of the tail rather longer 

 than high at its base. Colours — silvery along the back, golden on the sides and below. Four or five 



