216 ACANTHOPTERYGII. 



broad vertical bands on the body in immature specimens. Fins golden, except the first dorsal, which is pray, 

 the tip, and sometimes the entire upper edge of the second dorsal and end of the upper lobe of the caudal black. 

 Usually no opercular spot in Indian specimens, and when present mostly small. 



Habitat. — Seas of India, Malay Archipelago to the Atlantic coasts of tropical America : the specimen 

 figured (5f inches long) is from Madras where they attain a large size. 



6. Caranx hippos. 



Scomber hippos, Linn. Syst. Nat. i, p. 494 ; Bl. Schn. p. 28 ; Forster, Desc. Anim. ed. Licht. p. 199. 



Scomber Kleinii, Bl. t. 347, f. 2 ; Bl. Schn. p. 30. 



Scomber wotim parah, Russell, ii, p. 36, pi. 148. 



Caranx sem, Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 105 ; Jerdon, M. J. L. and Sc. 1851, p. 137. 



Caranx Forsteri, Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 107; Cantor, Catal. p. 127; Bleeker, Makr. p. 57, and Nat. Tyds. 

 "Ned. Ind. 1852, iii, p. 164 ; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 158. 



Caranx sexfasciatus, Quoy and Graim. Voy. Freyc. p. 358, pi. 65, f. 4 ; Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 110 (young). 



Caranx Peronii, Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 112. 



Caranx Lessonii and Belengeri, Cuv. and Val. ix, pp. 113, 116. 



Caranx hippos, Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 449 ; Day, Fishes of Malabar, p. 86 ; Klunz. Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien, 

 1871, p. 465. 



Carangits hippos, Bleeker, Waigou, 1868, p. 3. 



B. vii, D. 7-8 | T5 ly T , P. 22, V. 1/5, A. 2 | T ^ TT , C. 21, L. 1. 30-36. 



Length of head 1/4, of caudal 2/9, height of body 1/3 to 3|* in the total length. Eye — with a posterior 

 adipose lid reaching half way or two-thirds of the distance to the pupil, diameter 3/11 of length of head, 

 1 diameter from end of snout, and also apart. Dorsal and abdominal profiles about equally convex and forming 

 a gradual slope. Greatest width of head equals 1/2 its length, and its height equals nearly its length. Lower 

 jaw slightly the longer, the cleft of the mouth commences opposite the middle or lower third of the front edge 

 of the eye, the maxilla reaches to below the last third of the orbit. Greatest height of preorbital equals 1/2 the 

 diameter of the eye. Teeth — villiform, with an outer enlarged row in the premaxillaries : in a single row 

 in the lower jaw, amongst which occasionally are a few larger ones, a pair of well-marked canines above the 

 symphysis : in a triangular patch on the vomer, in a band on the palatines, also along the tongue. Fins — 

 the third dorsal spine the longest and equal from 1/3 to 2>\ in the height of the body : the anterior dorsal 

 rays equal to 2| in the height of the body. Pectoral 1/5 longer than the head. Anal similar to, but lower than, 

 the second dorsal. Caudal deeply forked. Scales— on cheeks, body, and chest. Lateral-line — consisting of 

 80 scales, forms an arch, 1/3 as high as long, ending below the sixth dorsal ray, the length of the arch 

 equalling 2/3 of that of the straight portion : keeled plates extend the whole distance along the horizontal 

 portion of the lateral-line, the largest being below the last portion of the second dorsal fin, and equal 1/10 of the 

 height of the body. Colours — body golden, having a tinge of gray along the back. A small black spot on the 

 opercle just before the commencement of the lateral-line. Fins yellow, summit of second dorsal and point of 

 the upper caudal lobe deep black, sometimes the whole of the posterior border of the caudal fin is black edged. 

 Eyes, bright orange. Usually a dark spot behind the base of the pectoral fin. The young are golden, with four 

 or five broad vertical bands on the body. 



Caranx Heberi, Benn. Fish. Ceylon (p. 26, pi. xxvi.) is probably this species : if so the mouth is shown 

 too low down. 



Habitat. — Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago, China, and beyond. It attains a large size, as 3 feet 

 or more in length. When captured it grunts like a young pig, and this is repeated whenever it is 

 moved, so long as vitality remains. 



7. Caranx sansun, Plate L, fig. 5. 



Scomber sansun, Forsk. p. 56. 



Scomber gundi-parah, Russell, ii, p. 33, and pi. 144. 



Caranx sansun, Riipp. Atl. Fische, p. 101, and N. W. Fische, p. 48, t. xiii, f. 3 ; Giinther, Catal. ii, 

 p. 447 ; Klunz. Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 446. 



Carangus sansun, Bleeker, Fauna de Madag. 1874, p. 99. 



B. vii, D. 8 | xjVo, P. 20, V. 1/5, A. 2 | ^l-^, C. 19, L. 1. 30-32. 



Length of head 1/4, of caudal 1/4 to 2/9, height of body 1/3 of the total length. Eye — with a narrow 

 posterior adipose lid, diameter 3f in the length of head, 1 to lj diameters from end of snout, and 1 apart. 

 Dorsal profile more convex than that of the abdomen, the profile of the anterior surface of the head somewhat 

 obtuse. The greatest width of the head equals 4/9 of its length, and its height its entire length. Lower jaw 

 a little the longer, the cleft of the mouth commences below the level of the orbit, the maxilla reaches to below 

 the last third of the eye. Greatest depth of preorbital equals 3/4 in the young to If in the adult diameters of 

 the eye. Teeth — villiform, with an outer row of enlarged but irregularly sized ones in the premaxillaries, in a 

 single row of irregularly sized ones in the lower jaw, some being much larger than the others, and a pair of minute 

 canines at the symphysis : in a triangular spot on the vomer, in a band on the palatines and in a narrow patch 



* In a specimen 1^ inches long, the height of the body equals 2/5 of the total length. 



