FAMILY, XVI— CARANGIDJ3. 219 



Greatest width of head equals 3/5 of its length, whilst its height is nearly equal to its length. Lower jaw a 

 little the longer : cleft of the mouth commences opposite the centre of the orbit : the maxilla reaches to below 

 the first third of the eye. Depth of preorbital equal to 2/3 of the diameter of the eye. Central crest along the 

 head well developed. Teeth — a fine row of pointed ones in either jaw, a triangular patch on the vomer, a 

 narrow band along the palatines, also a bony plate on the centre of the tongue, which is finely toothed. Fins — 

 dorsal spines of moderate strength, the third a little the longest and equal to 4/11 or 1/3 of the height of the body, 

 and nearly as high as the anterior rays of the second dorsal. Pectoral falciform, equal to 1/4 or 2/7 of the entire 

 length of the fish, and reaching to below the tenth or twelfth dorsal ray : ventral reaches half way to the anal. 

 Anal commences under the third or fourth dorsal ray. Caudal deeply forked. Scales — over body, chest, cheeks, 

 and above the hind third of the eye, also forming a well developed sheath to both the dorsal and anal fins. 

 Lateral-line — with 86 to 90 scales, strongly curved anteriorly, becoming straight below the first dorsal ray, the 

 height of its arch equals about 1/3 of its length : the length of its arch is 2 J- in that of the straight part : 

 keeled plates commence on the first scale of the straight portion, becoming most developed below the last third 

 of the second dorsal fin, where they equal 1/8 to 1/9 of the height of the body. Free portion of the tail about 

 twice as long as it is deep at its base. Colours — silvery blue along the back, becoming golden on the sides and 

 below : a large black blotch on the opercle at its posterior-superior angle. Fins yellow, the first dorsal tinged 

 with gray, as is also the upper edge of the second dorsal, except its most elevated portion which is white : upper 

 lobe of caudal darker than the lower. In a specimen over 13 inches in length, the summit of the soft dorsal is 

 white and the rest of the fin black : the first dorsal is dark : the anal has a black spot at the base of its first 

 six rays.* 



Habitat. — Red Sea, East coast of Africa, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago and beyond. It is 

 common in Madras and considered fair eating : it attains at least 13 inches in length. 



13. Caranx affinis, Plate XLIX, fig. 4. 



Garanx afflnis, Riipp. X. W. Fische, p. 49, t. xiv, f. 1 ; Kner, Xovara Fische, p. 151 ; Klunz. Verh. z. b. 

 Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 459. 



Caranx mate, Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 54 ; Cantor, Catal. p. 125 ; Day, Fishes of Malabar, p. 82. 



Caranx xanthurus, (Kuhl. and v. Hass.), Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 55 ; Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 434 ; Bleeker, 

 Bintang, 1868, p. 5. 



Selar Hasseltii, Bleeker, Makr. p. 360. 



Caranx Hasseltii, Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 430. 



B. vii, D. 7-8 | sV, P- 24, V. 1/5, A. 2 | ^1^, C. 17, L. 1. 42-47, Case. pyl. 20. 



Length of head 4J-, of caudal 5|, height of body 3f to 4|- in the total length. Eye — with a broad anterior 

 and posterior adipose lid, both reaching the pupil ; diameter 1/4 of length of head, rather more than 1 diameter 

 from end of snout, and 1|- apart. Dorsal and abdominal profiles about equally convex, snout rather pointed. 

 Lower jaw the longer : the maxilla reaches to below the front edge or first third of the orbit. Interorbital 

 space with a raised ridge along its centre. Greatest width of head equals rather more than half its length : its 

 height equals its length behind the posterior nostril. Preorbital in its deepest part, equal to nearly 1 diameter 

 of the orbit. Teeth — villiform and in more than one row at symphysis of either jaw, laterally in a single row of 

 moderately large ones : in a ^-shaped or lozenge-shaped patch on vomer, also on the palatines, and in a very 

 narrow band along the centre of the tongue. Fins — fourth dorsal spine rather the longest, and equal to 1/3 the 

 height of the body, and nearly as high as the commencement of the soft dorsal, the last ray of which is rather 

 prolonged. Pectoral falciform and 1 diameter of the eye longer than the head : ventral reaches half way to the 

 anal, the spine of which fin is well developed, and nearly half as long as the first ray : the base of the last ray is 

 rather distant from the one preceding it. Caudal deeply forked. Scales — over body, chest, cheeks, but not on 

 the upper jaw, or occipital crest which is moderately developed. Lateral-line — with a long irregular curve 

 (which is 3/4 as long as the straight portion) becoming straight below the sixth or seventh dorsal ray : the 

 plates begin about the fifth or eighth scale on the straight portion, becoming well developed near the end of the 

 dorsal fin, below which they equal 1/7 of the height of the body. About 100 rows of scales along the lateral-line, 

 and 125 rows descend from the back to it along its whole course. Free portion of tail rather longer than 

 high. Colours — silvery along the back, becoming golden on the abdomen, a series of short vertical bands, as 

 wide as the ground colour, cross the lateral-line along its whole extent. A black shoulder spot extending on to 

 the opercle. Fins yellow, tip of second dorsal anteriorly white, posteriorly with rather a dark summit : anal 

 with a white edge. 



This species is figured amongst Sir W. Elliot's Fishes of Madras, as Warri parah, Tarn. 



Habitat. — Red Sea, seas of India, Andamans, to the Malay Archipelago and beyond. The specimen 

 figured, nearly 8 inches long, is from Madras, where it is common, especially during the cold months. I have 

 found some full of developed ova as early as March. 



14. Caranx kalla, Plate XLIX, fig. 5. 



Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 49 ; Day, Fish. Malabar, p. 83. 



Selar brevis, Bleeker, Makr. p. 54. 



Selar Tcalla, Bleeker, Beng. en Hind. p. 44. 



* In a young specimen, 3f inches long, crenulations are visible on the angle and lower limb of the pveopercle. 



