222 ACANTHOPTERYGII. 



Caranx cceruleo-pinnatus, Riipp. Atl. Fische, p. 100, and 1ST. W. Fische, p. 47, t. xiii, fig. 2 (not 

 Cuv. and Val.). 



Caranx Malabaricus, Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 121 ; Richards. Icli. China, p. 275 ; Cantor, Catal. p. 128 ; 

 Jerdon, M. J. L. and Sc. 1851, p. 137 ; Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 437 ; Kner, Novara Fische, p. 155 ; Klunz. Verh. 

 z. b. Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 463. 



Carangoides telamparah, Bleeker, Makr. p. 64. 



Carangoides Malabaricus, Bleeker, en Pise. p. 69. 



Citula Malabarica, Bleeker, Madagas. p. 99, 



B. to, D. 7-8 | rfrr, P. 21, V. 1/5, A. 2 | „i„> C. 21, L. 1. 28 ; 



Length of head 3f to 1/4, of caudal 4| to 4-f, height of body 2| in the young to 2f in the adult of the 

 total length. Eyes — without distinct adipose lids, but the skin rather projects over the eye ; diameter of eyes 

 1/3 of length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, and 3/4 of a diameter apart. Body oval and strongly com- 

 pressed, dorsal and anal profiles equally convex, a slight concavity, most distinct in the adult, opposite the 

 middle of the eyes : the occipital crest well developed. Greatest width of the head equals nearly 1/2 its length : 

 the height of the head is a little more than its length. Cleft of the mouth commences opposite the lower edge 

 of the orbit : the lower jaw slightly the longer : the maxilla reaches to below the first third of the eye. 

 Greatest depth of the preorbital nearly equals 1 diameter of the orbit. Teeth — villiform in both jaws, in a 

 somewhat triangular spot on the vomer, an elongated band along the palatines, and likewise along the centre of 

 the tongue being widest anteriorly. Fins — dorsal spines of moderate strength, the second, third, and fourth 

 being of about the same height, and equal to 2/5 of that of the body : second dorsal highest anteriorly, where 

 the rays equal 2f in that of the body and are similar to those in the anal. Pectoral rather longer than the head. 

 Ventral small, reaching 2/3 of the way to the pre-anal spines. Caudal deeply forked. Scales — on the head there 

 are merely a few behind the middle of the eye, none on the chest. Only a low groove along the first part of the 

 soft dorsal fin. Lateral-line — having about 90 to 105 scales, it forms a low curve to below the twelfth or 

 thirteenth dorsal ray. Its plates only commence under about the twentieth ray, becoming most developed on 

 the side of the free portion of the tail, when their greatest depth only equals 1/20 to 1/30 of the height of the 

 body, being proportionately smaller in the adults. Free portion of the tail 1/2 longer than high at its base. 

 Colours — back bluish, sides and abdomen silvery shot with purple: a dull black mark in axilla. The whole 

 of the posterior half and upper edge of the opercle stained black or brown (said to be sometimes absent). 

 Dorsal usually stained darkest at its outer edge, the other fins pale yellow. 



Jerdon observes that this fish is termed Tollam parah, Tarn. 



I have two young Caranx 's, If and 2^ inches long, which appear to be the young of this species, the height of 

 the body of the smallest is If in the total length, its ventrals reach the anal fin : it is vertically banded, the first 

 dorsal and ventral black. In the larger specimen the height of the body is 2j in the total length, the ventrals 

 reach the pre-anal spines, whilst the vertical bands have begun to disappear. The first dorsal and ventral are black. 



Habitat. — Red Sea, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago and beyond, attaining at least a foot in 

 length, the specimen figured is from Madras, it is nearly 8 inches long. 



19. Caranx oblongus, Plate LI, fig. 1. 



Cuv. and Val. ix, p. 128 ; Cantor, Catal. p. 132 ; Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 452. 

 Carangoides oblongus, Bleeker, Makr. p. 62. 

 Ho-thul-dah, Andam. 



B. vii, D. 8 | T1 f n , P. 21, V. 1/5, A. 2 | ^l^ C. 18, L. 1. 34-40. 



Length of head 1/4 to 2/9, of caudal 4J, height of body 3j in the total length. Eyes — without distinct 

 adipose lids, diameter 3J in the young to 4j- in the adult in length of head, nearly 1 diameter from end of 

 snout, and 3/4 to 1 diameter apart. Body oval, with the dorsal profile rather more convex than that of 

 the abdomen, a slight concavity in the profile opposite the upper third of the eye. Greatest width of head 

 4/7 of its length, its height rather more than its length. Occipital crest moderately developed. Upper 

 edge of eye rather close to the dorsal profile. Lower jaw the longer. Cleft of mouth oblique, commencing 

 opposite the upper third or centre of the front edge of the orbit, the maxilla reaching to below the middle of 

 the eye. Greatest width of preorbital equals 1/2 in the young to 3/4 in the adult of the diameter of the orbit. 

 Preopercle with some rather strong denticulations along both limbs, which become almost imperceptible in the 

 adult. Teeth — in a narrow villiform band, or in two rows in the premaxillaries, having the outer slightly 

 enlarged : in a single row in the lower jaw, except at its anterior portion where they are the largest, and have a 

 few villiform ones posteriorly. In a triangular spot on the vomer, and in a band along the palatines, and on 

 the tongue. Fins — dorsal spines low, the longest equal to 3§ or 1/4 in the height of the body : second 

 dorsal very much elevated anteriorly, where its rays equal from 3/4 to the height of the body. Pectoral as long 

 or longer than the head. Ventral almost reaches the pre-anal spines. Anterior rays of anal elongated and 

 equal to 3/5 of the height of the body. Caudal deeply forked. Scales — along the upper and hind edge of the 

 eyes, on the cheeks and body, except on the chest as high as the pectoral fin, which is scaleless in the young, 

 but in the adult this scaleless portion is confined to the chest anterior to the ventral fin, and about half 

 the distance to the base of the pectoral. A low sheath to second dorsal and anal fins. Lateral-line — in about 

 105 rows, at first in the form of plate-like rounded scales it goes directly backwards and commences to descend 



