FAMILY, XVI— CARANGID.^. 243 



Habitat. — Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago and beyond ; the specimen figured (life-size) is from 

 Madras. 



11. Equula fasciata, Plate LI, C. fig. 2. 



Zeus karah, Russell, Fish. Vizag. i, p. 51, pi. 6Q. 



Clupea fasciata, Lacep. v, p. 463. 



Equula filig era, longispinis and carah, Cuv. and Val. x, pp. 92, 94, 95, pi. 284. 



Equula fasciata, Cuv. and Val. x, p. 96 ; Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 498 ; Day, Fish. Malabar, p. 106 ; Kner, 

 Novara Fische, p. 167 ; Klunz. Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 467. 



Equula filigera, Cuv. Mem. Mus. i, p. 402, pi. 23, f. 1 ; Swainson, Fishes, ii, p. 250 ; Cantor, Catal. 

 p. 150; Bleeker, Makr. p. 79; Jerdon, M. J. L. and Sc. 1851, p. 138. 



Equula setigera, Agass. Poiss. Foss. v, p. 24, t. B. 



Leiognathus fasciatus, Bleeker, Bintang, 1868, p. 5. 



B. v, D. T V, P. 19, V. 1/5, A. &, C. 17, Coec. pyl. (3). 



Length of head 4 to four and a fourth, of caudal 4, height of body 2-§- in the total length. Eyes — 

 diameter 1/3 of length of head, 3/4 to 1 diameter from end of snout, and nearly 1 apart. Dorsal profile 

 rather more convex than the abdominal. A concavity over the occiput. Interorbital cavity nearly 

 twice as long as wide, the posterior limb of premaxillary equals 2/3 of the length of the head. A pair of 

 spines above the anterior-superior angle of the orbit. Orbital edge not serrated. The distance between the 

 outer edges of the orbital spines equals 2f in the length of the head. The maxilla reaches to below the first 

 third of the eye. Lower edge of preopercle nearly straight, and very finely serrated. Mandibula slightly 

 concave inferiorly. Teeth — in a single row in the upper jaw : in villiform bands in the lower. Fins — dorsal 

 spines of moderate strength, the second elongated, usually about 4/5. as high as the body, the third and fourth 

 serrated anteriorly. Pectoral as long as the head excluding the snout. Ventral reaches 3/4 of the way to the 

 anal. Second anal spine strong, equalling about 2/5 of the height of the body, but sometimes much longer. 

 Caudal forked. Free portion of the tail about as high as long. Scales — cover body, absent or exceedinglj- 

 indistinct on the chest. Lateral-line — consists of about 65 tubes, it ceases just before the base of the caudal fin. 

 Colours — silvery, with irregular vertical streaks on the body. 



Habitat. — Red Sea, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago and beyond. 



12. Equula oblonga. 



? Scomber equula, var. Forsk. p. 58. 



Equula oblonqa, Cuv. and Val. x, p. 85 ; Bleeker, Makr. p. 84 ; Giinther, Catal. ii, p. 502 ; Day, Fish. 

 Malabar, p. 106 ; Klunz. Verh. z. b. Ges. Wien, 1871, p. 467. 

 Equula berbis, Cuv. and Val. x, p. 85. 



B. v, D. t&t* P- 16, V. 1/5, A. ^5^, C. 16. 

 Length of head 4 to 4|-, of caudal 5|-, height of body 3| to 4 in the total length. Eyes — diameter 1/3 of 

 length of head, 1 diameter from end of snout, and 1 apart. Abdominal profile rather more convex than that of 

 the back. Snout rather pointed. Posterior limb of preopercle equal to 6|- in the total length : an interorbital 

 cavity much longer than wide. Orbital edge not serrated : two spines above tbe anterior edge of the eye : 

 the distance between the outer edges of orbital spines equals half the length of the head. Lower preopercular 

 edge finely serrated. Lower edge of mandible slightly concave. Teeth — in a single row in either jaw. 

 Fins — dorsal spines moderately strong, the second equal to 2/3 the height of the body. Pectoral 4/7 of the 

 length of the head. Ventral reaches 2/3 of way to anal, the second spine of which latter fin equals 1/2 the 

 height of the body. Caudal forked. Scales — very minute, none on chest. Colours — grayish on the back, 

 becoming silvery below : a silvery band along the side, irregular angular bands over the back to as low as the 

 lateral-line. No black on the dorsal fin. 



Habitat. — Red Sea, seas of India to Malay Archipelago and beyond. 



Genus, 12 — Gazza, Biipp. 

 Equula, sp. Cuv. and Val. 



Branchiostegals five : pseudobranchice. Body oblong, elevated, and compressed. Mouth very protractile. 

 Lovier preopercular margin serrated. Teeth, a pair of canines in the upper, a conical row in the lower jaw. A single 

 dorsal fin, having less spines (8) than rays (16) : anal with three spines continuous with the soft portion which has 

 less rays (14) than the soft dorsal : no finlets. Lateral-line unarmed. 



These fishes were included by Cuv. and Val. with the Equula as one genus, Riippell observing their 

 strong teeth and the presence of canines, separated them, but Kner has again considered them as one genus. 



Geographical distribution. — Red Sea, seas of India to the Malay Archipelago and beyond. 



SYNOPSIS OF SPECIES. 



1. Gazza minuta. Length of head 3|, height of body 2^ to 2-|- in the total length. Dorsal spines 2-|- 

 in height of bodv. Silvery, axilla black. Seas of India to the Malay Archipelago and bevond. 



2 i 2 



