100 ornithologist's text-book. 



Water Fowl that swim. 



1. Cloven-footed, some of which may be called 

 fin-toed, because they have lateral appendant mem- 

 branes on each side their toes. [Colymhus, Podi- 

 ceps, Gallinula, Fiilica, Rallus). 



II. Whole-footed birds. 1 : such as swim. [Fra- 

 tercula, Alca]. 



2. Such as have four toes, all web'd together. 

 [Sula, Cormoranus\. 



3. Such as have four toes, but the hind one se- 

 parate; and first, such as have narrow and sharp- 

 pointed bills. [Laridte, Procellaridce, mihi]. 



2. Such as have narrow, serrate, or toothed bills. 

 [Sula, Mergus]. 



4 Such as have broad bills; and 1. The Goose 

 kind. [Cygnus, Anser~\. 



2. The Duck kind, [Tadarna, Spathulea, Chau- 

 liodas, Anas, Querquedula, Mareca, Oidemia y 

 Somateria, Fuligula, Harelda, Clangula] . 



Confused and full of flagrant errors as is the 

 above system — especially in the water birds — it is 

 undoubtedly the first rational attempt at classifi- 

 cation. 



