152 



ORNITHOLOGIST S TEXT-BOOK. 



FLEMING'S SYSTEM. 1828. 



1 . Nostrils hid under 

 an arched covering. 

 Wings short. 



r Order I. Fissipedes. Land birds. — Toes free, 

 and formed for grasping or walking, 

 f Tribe I. Terrestres. — Tibial joint fea- 

 thered. 



Sect. 1. Ambulator es. — Three toes di- 

 rected anteally, and fitted for walking or 

 grasping. 



Gallinadce. — Bill 

 arched from the 

 base. Eggs numer- 

 ous. 



Columbadce. — Bill 

 swollen at the base, 

 nearly straight, and 

 subulate towards 

 the extremity. 



Accipitres. — Bill 

 and claws strongly 

 hook' d.limbs strong. 

 Tongue emarginate. 

 Females largest. 



Passeres. — Bill 

 nearly straight at 

 the gape. No cere. 

 Males largest. 

 Sect. 2. Scansores. — Two toes directed 

 anteally, and fitted for climbing. 

 Tribe II. Grall^e. — Lower end of the tibial 

 Joint and tarsus naked. 

 Order II. Palmipedes. Water birds. — Toes web'd 

 to their extremity, and formed for swimming. 



or 

 thers. 



2. Nostrils exposed 

 hid only by fea-^J 



