174 ornithologist's text-book. 



— Aigle Royal,TEMM. Man. d'Orn. — Golden Eagle, 

 Will. Orn. — Penn. Br. Zool. — Id. Arct. ZooL — 

 Lath. Syn. — Lew. Birds of Brit. — Bew. Hist. 

 Br. Birds. — Shaw, Gen. ZooL — Mont. Orn. Diet. 

 — Flem. Br. Anim. — Selby, Illustr. Br. Orn. — 

 Orn. Diet. 2d edit. — Mudie, Feathered Tribes. — 

 Audubon, Orn. Biog. 



" General Description ; Adult Female. — Bill 

 bluish at the base, the tip black. Cere lemon-yel- 

 low. Irides orange-brown. Primary quills black; 

 the secondary ones clouded with hair-brown, broc- 

 coli-brown, and umber-brown. Crown of the head, 

 and nape of the neck, pale orange-brown, the fea- 

 thers occasionally margined with white, narrow, 

 elongated and distinct. Chin and throat, dark 

 umber-brown. Vent pale reddish-brown. Tail 

 pale broccoli-brown, barred with blackish-brown, 

 and ending in a broad band of the same colour. 

 Tarsi clothed with pale reddish-brown feathers. 

 Toes naked, yellow. Claws black, very strong, 

 and much hooked. 



" Young. — Bill having the base bluish grey, and 

 the rest black. Cere lemon-yellow. Irides clear dark 

 chesnut brown. Forehead dark chesnut brow 7 n. 

 Crown of the head, and nape of the neck, yellowish- 

 brown, inclining to pale orange-brow 7 n ; the feathers 

 narrow 7 , distinct, and pointed. Throat and under 

 part of the neck dark umber-brown. Breast and 

 belly dark brow 7 n, with a few white feathers inter- 

 mixed. Inside of the thighs white. Vent and 

 under tail-coverts white, having some of the fea- 

 thers tipped with brown. Back and wing coverts 

 very intense umber-brown. Upper tail coverts 

 white, some of them being tipped with brown. 

 Tail, for two- thirds of its length, white ; the re- 

 mainder (or end part) blackish-brown. Greater 

 quills very intense brown, or blackish brown, hav- 



