REVIEWS AND BOOK NOTICES. 39 
our own studies bear out Dr. Schlegel’s in every single instance ; 
indeed, it seems to us impossible to reach any other conclusion, 
when any considerable and sufficient amonnt of material is ex- 
amined. The present article of ours is so completely an en- 
dorsement of Dr. Schlegel’s, that the only points of difference 
are one or two unimportant synonymical determinations among 
the crested species which, after all, will probably remain matters 
of opinion.” 
The materials on which Dr. Coues’ memoir is based are the 
collections of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences, 
(now for the first time elaborated), and of the Smithsonian In- 
stitution. Both are rich in representatives of this group, with 
which have been also collated the specimens in the Museum of 
the Boston Society of Natural History. Part II is devoted 
to a discussion of “certain points of cranial structure bearing 
upon the determination of the genera.” luding to the diver- 
sity of opinions among authors in respect to the number of 
genus of each species — Dr. Coues states that ‘‘ to fix the question 
of genera with reasonable certitude” was one of the objects of 
his present investigation. An examination of the skulls at his 
command (but representing only a part of the species) showed 
“three positively different patterns.” Each pattern, while marked 
by peculiarities of its own, possesses characters shared also by 
one of the others, and it is on the combination of these features 
that the genera are established. Whilst our author thinks it 
* probable that no more than three genera will be finally determin- 
able, namely, Aptenodytes, Eudyptes and Spheniscus,” he provis- 
ionally admits a fourth, Pygocelis. “ These genera are exactly 
those of Prof. Hyatt,” and “ correspond very nearly with the 
sections Dr. Schlegel has indicated.” In this connection the chie 
osteological peculiarities of Aptenodytes ** Pennantii” are described, 
with more especial reference, however, to the membral segments. 
“ The tarso-metatarsus,” Dr. C. remarks, is the most remarkable 
bone of the skeleton in several respects, and the one more partic- 
ularly diagnostic of the family ; penguins afford m z only 
instance, among recent birds, of width crosswise being decidedly 
greater than thickness antero-posteriorly, and more than iai the 
length ; and the only case of persistence throughout life of fenes- 
træ aee the eae of the bones o three me 
