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GLACIAL PHENOMENA. 211 
both continents. During a stay of nearly three weeks in Switzer- 
land, several days of which I spent on foot in crossing the principal 
passes, I was unable to find among the specimens, I had endeavored 
to obtain for the museum of the Peabody Academy, a boulder 
_ scratched and polished sufficiently to be a fair sample of such work. 
Those that I did obtain i.e. small boulders, samples of glacial mud 
and gravel, could easily be mistaken for similar specimens from a 
glacial moraine at the mouth of the Peabody river at Gorham, 
New Hampshire. In all respects, this last named moraine is, in 
its glacial characters, the exact equivalent of the moraines at the 
edges of Alpine glaciers. 
It is not until one crosses over by the great Scheideck Pass 
into the valley of Hasli that he sees the most magnificent examples 
of polished and grooved rocks, and on a scale perhaps exceeding 
anything in America. It was not to be wondered at, however, that 
geologists had been slow to realize that so large a portion of 
Switzerland had been glaciated. 
n Sweden, but especially in Norway, where there are large 
glaciers and very extensive mers de glace on the summits of some 
of the mountain ranges, the ice marks are everywhere present, 
but scarcely more apparent than in the White Mountain valleys. 
At one place on a low rocky point projecting into the Sogne 
Fjord, there was a magnificent display of deeply grooved and fur- 
rowed rocks. But even with the marks at this locality, the 
enormous grooves on a hill within the city limits of Salem would 
compare favorably. In Norway, I was not able, so hasty was my 
journey oyer the country, to secure any samples from moraines 
recent enough to compare with moraines in the White Mountains. 
In Wales the glacial phenomena are on a diminutive scale compared 
even with the White Mountains, but in walking through the cele- 
brated Pass of Llanberis the polished rocks, boulders and mo- 
raines, from one of which I was able to secure samples of glacial 
gravel, were of the same character as is to be seen in the White 
Mountains, and scarcely better marked. - 
Another point of much interest was the comparison of the glacial 
marine beds of Sweden and Norway with those of New England. 
While, as is well known, the life of the glacial epoch is almost 
identical in the two countries, the fossils found at Uddevalla in 
>a as long since pointed out by Lyell, so exactly repeating 
the characteristic forms found by Bayfield in the clays of the river 
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