264 THE WINTER STATE OF OUR DUCKWEEDS. 
placed on the end of a little stick of pith, I drop a single drop of 
collodion over them, which hardens in about two minutes, and 
without sticking to the specimen makes a complete socket for it. 
From fronds mounted in this way I succeeded in getting sections 
so thin that it took three of them to make up the thickness of the 
budlet. 
In order to test the correctness of the opinions formed from the 
comparison of these different sectional views, I wanted next to dis- 
sect out a budlet free from the bud, and in an uninjured state, and 
turn it over and over while in the field of view of the microscope. 
I have accustomed myself to the use of dissecting needles under 
the compound microscope without the help of an erector, and so 
was able to have the advantage which the binecular gives for such 
work. 
I should advise, from my experience, that any one using a binoc- 
ular, who has much occasion for dissecting, should learn to handle 
the needles under the microscope without an grector. It is not dif- 
ficult to train one hand, though when it comes to using both I 
acknowledge that one will need a good stock of patience. 
The powers used for this work were 80 and 115 diameters. The 
needles found most useful were those which had been ground with 
an exceedingly slender taper and the shortest possible piece of the 
tip bent at an angle of about 45°. 
The budlet when obtained free measured about >,3;5 of an inch 
in length and half that in breadth and thickness. To observe it to 
advantage one*must use powers of 4 and upwards. 
Having placed it in a drop of glycerine, cover with a rather large 
_ cover, and let there be enough of the fluid to prevent the cover’s 
pressing it on the slide; then with a needle gently push the cover 
in one direction or another till you have your object rolling over 
and over fast or slow just as desired. 
Now let us gather up the facts we have obtained by the methods 
described. Figs. 10, 11, 12, and 13, give specimen sections taken 
in as many different directions through the bud as shown on the 
plan, Fig. 7. 
The dotted lines in the bud of Fig. 7, show what would be seen 
when the lower surface of the bud is focussed instead of the upper- 
I drew them in the same figure in order that their relation to the 
~ Upper surface might be plainer than if I had given them a separate 
_ drawing. In Fig. 10, we have a section passing parallel with the 
