THE WINTER STATE OF OUR DUCKWEEDS. 265 
stem of the bud, but a little to the left. It crosses both the lines 
in the upper part of the frond, it goes through one of the dotted 
oval bodies, and also through the budlet to the left of its stem. 
The section shows that those lines on the upper part of the bud, 
Fig. 7 wm, and Im, one above and one below, are the edges of two 
membranes that nearly enclose the bud between them, the one on 
the upper surface only one layer of cells, the lower several layers 
thick. 
The oval body of Fig. 7 is here seen in the angle between the 
lower membrane and the body of the bud. It shows itself to be 
the beginning of a root. The swelling “ d,” Fig. 10, is the section 
of that projection of the body of the bud over the budlet whose 
edge shows in Fig. 14 as the double line “d.” As this projection 
stows more and more, it shuts over the budlet, reaching down as far 
as the point “f? Fig. 10, and becomes in the frond the lip or cover 
“k? Figs. 4 and 8. The line “a,” Fig. 14, is shown “a,” Fig. 
10, to be the edge of a ridge starting out from the budlet which as 
it grows will become the membrane “wm” of the bud. The sec- 
tion shows us the thickness of the budlet “ b,” and explains that 
the double row of cells “ J,” Fig. 14, just below the budlet is the 
optical section of the upper membrane where it bends round to its 
attachment on the under side of the bud. One cannot help recog- 
nizing in the * um ” of the bud, Fig. 10, the “ um” of the frond, 
Fig. 4, which shows itself as the semicircle of Fig. 2. 
Turning next to Fig. 11, which also passes through the budlet, 
but nearer to its stem, and at an angle with the stem of the bud, 
we find two or three new features. First; we pass through the 
right hand one of the three oval bodies of Fig. 7, and find it im- 
bedded in the base of the lower membrane, instead of occupying 
the angle ; second, the budlet has a thick horn ‘‘n” on its under 
side, and none on its upper. The outline of this membrane is, I 
think, that indicated by the dotted line, Fig. 14, “n,” on the budlet, 
but I have not been able to satisfy myself just where that outline 
does run. Again, in this section, we see the budlet united with 
the bud, whereas before, the section, Fig. 10, passed out to the left 
of the stem and showed that, by lying entirely separate from the 
bud. Fig. 12, which shows a section nearly parallel with the axis 
of the budlet, gives a view of both ‘horns a” and “ n” at once, 
and showing one root, allows the others 7 and r” to shimmer 
through the tissue, though out of the focus. 
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