GEOLOGY. 
Guactan Fossirs IN Marse.— The rocks in that part of Maine, 
lying along the coast between the Penobscot and Kennebec 
Rivers, are so folded as to form a series of N. N. E.-S. 
ridges with smaller plications between them. As the land rose 
after the melting of the glaciers, sedimentation seems to have 
gone on rapidly and animal life to have been abundant, while the 
water level was yet a hundred or two feet higher than at present. 
The principal folds of the rock strata then formed low hill ranges 
capped with glacial detritus, and in the fiords between these were 
accumulated immense quantities of fine clay (light gray, as de- 
tived from light colored gneisses and schists). This is usually 
Separated from the bottom rock by a little more or less stratified 
gravel. As the clay neared the surface of the water, it became 
more sandy, of course, and passed occasionally into beds of gravel, 
particularly where the current was strong. These deposits finally 
emerged, and their record is now partly obliterated by running 
Streams. The clay is found to contain small branches of silicified 
Wood, and the upper strata contain beach shells. 
In the town of N obleboro, twenty or twenty-five miles from the 
coast, in the valley of the Damariscotta River (Lincoln Co.), the 
relations of these strata are well shown by a cutting of the Knox 
and Lincoln Railroad, which has now, I believe, a station about 
forty rods southwest of it. Nobleboro village is a mile south. 
The cut is twenty or thirty rods long through a hillside and is 
thirty-nine feet deep in the middle. Between the hill (which 
slopes off to a swamp,) and the station, there is a ledge of striated 
and water-worn gneiss, rather lower than the railroad grade. I 
the cut above the grade level are— 
T. Soil with grass. 
6. Sand and gravel curved over the lower strata par- 
allel to the top of the hill. 
5. Pebbly gravel, 2-4 feet from top of hill. 
4. Sand and gravel. 
3. Gravel and clay merging and alternating. 
2. Brown clay sandier and drier than No. 1. 
1. Blue clay several feet deep. 
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