ZOOLOGY. 499 
holes about the size of a pencil were to be seen at various points 
on the trunk. 
On removing the bark I found an adult insect already free and 
the heads of several others appearing through the wood. On fur- 
ther investigation during the next few weeks I obtained from the 
tree no less than eighty of these beetles in all stages of develop 
ment, which, considering the size of the tree, was a large number. 
I observed that the largest beetles were near the foot of the tree, 
and that the larvæ almost invariably avoided a knot on account of 
the hardness (?) of the wood. Where the diameter of the tree 
was about six inches the larvee would bore through the trunk in- 
stead of making only a surface bore as they did where the diam- 
eter was greater. 
The larva is a footless, yellowish white grub, more or less 
hairy, cylindrical in shape, and about one and four-tenths inches 
long, and three-twentieths of an inch in diameter. The body in- 
cluding the head is made up of fourteen segments, the last eight 
of which have a kind of ridge on each side, covered with hairs 
longer than those which are found on the rest of the body and 
which doubtless assist it in locomotion, the second segment next 
the head is flattened on the upper side. On both the upper and 
under sides of the body are seven raised rough spots at right an- 
gles with the ridges on the sides. It feeds on the sap wood or 
inner bark until autumn, when it turns aside and bores outward 
leaving its passage filled with chips. Within the distance of from 
one-half to one-tenth of an inch from the bark it forms a smooth, 
hollow, curved excavation about the size of an almond in which it 
undergoes its transformations during the winter or even as late as 
the last of June. 
The pupa is white and varies in size from three-fourths of an 
inch, to an inch and one-tenth. In this state it resembles the 
imago, the only difference being that the elytra are not developed. 
After remaining in the pupa state during a space of time which 
Varies according to circumstances it is transformed to a beetle 
and after a short time gnaws its way out, appearing from the first 
of June to the middle of July. The imago is brownish, mottled 
with gray, black, and cream color, and varies in size from t 
fourths, to something over an inch in length. The two sexes 
- differ in the great length of the antennz, which in the male are 
full twice the length of the body, and in the development of the 
& 
