504 MICROSCOPY. 
mens in our series, one of which is very similar to that referred to 
from the Yorkshire wolds. The others have the bowl of the 
spoon not so well defined, but otherwise are well made scrapers. 
There ‘are also three other specimens, that might be more prop- 
erly called knife-shaped scrapers, in that the bowl and stem or 
handle are of the same width. The scraping edge is, however, 
circular, as in the true spoon-shaped form. These may be looked 
upon as connecting links with the quadrangular or horseshoe- 
shaped scrapers. There remains one other specimen to notice, 
being a “ side scraper,” as Mr. Evans calls this form, that is, one 
that is broader than it is long. It is made of slate, chipped with 
some care; is two inches in length by three in width. Both sides 
are adapted to scraping, being each well chipped, with the lower 
side flatter than the upper surface. What perhaps might be called 
the true edge, is somewhat more extended than the other, from 
the barblike projections at either end, which barbs give a finished 
appearance to the implement, which otherwise might have been 
looked upon as merely a flake or unfinished specimen. This form 
of scraper is not common with us. 
After a careful study of these and many other specimens of this 
form of implement, found in New Jersey, we have determined, we 
think : 
First. That jasper, quartz and allied minerals were preferred in 
manufacturing scrapers. 
Secondly. That as much care was taken in their shaping and 
ae as was the case with arrowpoints and spearpoints. 
ly. That but few “flakes” were utilized in making scrapers, 
as is de case with European specimens. 
Fourthly. That the majority of scrapers were intended to be 
inserted in handles of bone or wood. 
Fifthly. That large spearheads especially, and some arrow- 
heads were used for making scrapers, having previously lost aa 
points, and being too short to be repointed. 
Lastly. That, as a class, the New Jersey scrapers are smaller 
than those found in Europe. — Cuarres C. Ansorr, M.D. 
MICROSCOPY. 
IMPROVEMENTS IN Opsectives.—Mr. Wenham has placed micros- 
copists, and indeed all persons intereated in scientific progress, 
