Ee eee ra aeeoa Mg Sees ee) 2 es ex eee Pee Re Me ee Nr 
= : 2 ess Gg E 
CONTROLLING SEX IN BUTTERFLIES. 517 
against September 10th, on which day the first male in lot 1 ap- 
peared. Some of them, however, were of the usual size. 
Besides these two lots which were in small vessels and very 
strictly watched, I had a great number in a large breeding cage, 
which were so thoroughly neglected that fully one-half died. No 
accurate account was kept of them but of upwards of fifty chry- 
salides obtained, fifteen were females. This is a tough insect and 
will stand very rough treatment, and the last-mentioned were re- 
peatedly allowed to wander around the cage for three days or more 
without a particle of food. 
2. Orgyia leucostigma.— Started with a lot of forty, which were 
very carefully watched and very insufficiently fed. From them 
eighteen cocoons were obtained, ten of which were actually females 
and eight males. I naturally looked for a different result in this 
case as there is a very perceptible difference in the size of the 
Sexes, and the female larva grows one-third larger than the male 
Tequiring, in consequence, a greater amount of nourishment. I 
had also noticed in previous rearing of this species that the males 
often passed through but three larval molts, while the females 
passed through four; but to show that the number may vary in 
the same species, according to circumstances, Miss Murtfeldt 
assures me that under this stinting process the former went 
through four molts like the females. Similarly, Prof. Westwood 
has informed me that a larva of Megatoma [ Tiresias] serra which 
he once kept on flies and insufficiently fed, lived for three years 
and molted no less than fourteen times. 
3. Clisiocampa Americana.— Started with a batch of upwards 
of fifty just hatched. Obtained only nineteen cocoons from them, 
the rest dying from hard treatment. Five small females and nine 
males were obtained, the others dying in chrysalis. 
4. Hyperchiria Io.— Twelve taken from Baptisia soon after the 
fifth or last molt. Furnished very stintingly with food. All pu- 
pated. Two male moths issued in the fall; four males and three 
females this spring, three being yet in the chrysalis state. At 
the same time I had two other lots feeding, with ordinary care, on 
and Amorpha, and in both lots the males have so far 
Preponderated. 
5. Hemileuca Maia.— One brood of upwards of one hundred 
from an ege-belt fastened around a peach twig. Endeavored to 
feed them on peach leaves, which were not to their taste, until 
