524 INJURIOUS AND BENEFICIAL INSECTS. 
Anemone nemorosa, Arabis levigata, Barbarea vulgaris, Callitriche 
verna, Proserpinaca palustris and pectinacea, Hydrocotyle wmbellata, 
and Sagittaria. On the trunks of the fine elms along the streets 
is found, very abundantly, Polypodium incanum, its root-stocks 
creeping over the bark, and covering them with its delicate fronds 
to a height of twenty feet. Though apparently dry and dead, 
upon being brought home and placed in a fernery, the fronds 
began to expand and some new ones were seen putting forth. 
A later trip would doubtless reveal many more species, but with 
the drawback of possible chills and certain yellow flies and 
mosquitoes. 
INJURIOUS AND BENEFICIAL INSECTS. 
BY A. S. PACKARD. JR.* 
Txovucu the reporter was absent during most of the past season, 
and was unable, except in a slight degree, to make any special 
investigations on the habits of our more injurious insects, yet 
with the help of others some new material is here offered that may 
be serviceable to farmers and gardeners. The facts that we have 
to present may often seem disconnected and desultory, but few 
except experts in natural history are perhaps aware how difficult 
and prolonged a task it is to follow out the transformations of any 
particular insect, and study thoroughly its habits in its different 
stages of growth. Unlike birds, quadrupeds and fishes, which 
have similar habits at all stages of growth, an insect, with its 
three separate stages of larva, pupa and adult, leads as it were 
three lives, with different surroundings, and in each of those 
stages may be regarded as a different animal. Then it is often 
extremely difficult to ascertain to what beetle or moth or bee 
such or such a grub or caterpillar belongs. Our entomologists 
are not numerous enough, and often from their time being ta- 
ken up with the pursuits of their profession, usually not that of 
science, are unable to spend the time in the field to observe the 
oe eee es 
_*Third Annual Report on the Injurious and Beneficial Insects of Massachusetts, 
being a reprint, with corrections, from the 20th Annual Report of the Secretary of the 
Massachusetts Board of Agriculture, 1873. 
