GEOLOGY. 753 
stood high on the legs and had short feet, but possessed osseous 
horns in pairs on different parts of the hea 
One of the largest species had a huge horn over each eye, while 
another had one on each side of the nose, and more than a foot in 
length, resembling those on the back part of the head of the ox, 
etc. A third one, of larger size than the last, had rudimental 
horns on the nose. Still another was about as large as the elephant. 
Its cheek bones were enormously expanded, and its horns were 
flat. A fifth species had triangular horns, turned outward. The 
first mentioned species has been named, by Prof. Cope, Miobasileus 
opkryas and the others have been placed in the new genus 
Symborodon. Their structure disproves entirely the statement of 
a recent writer that the presence of horns in pairs is an indication 
of relationship to the ruminating animals (oxen, etc.), for these 
beasts are quite near the rhinoceros. 
Carnivorous species were not rare in this ancient family, and 
served as now to check their too rapid increase. Of the fourteen 
species known, there were tiger cats, dogs, hyznadons, and the 
new genus Jomarctos. It resembled a dog, and was as large as 
the black bear. Some of the cats had remarkably long canine or 
eye teeth. In a new species, the size of the panthers, these teeth 
greatly resembled those of a shark. 
The reptiles embrace turtles, lizards and snakes, the last two 
orders discovered for the first time in this formation in America. 
The forthcoming reports of Professor Hayden to the Secretary 
of the Interior will contain a full account of the discoveries in this 
interesting department of geological science, made during the 
progress of the survey from 1870 to the present time. Prof. Cope 
has obtained from the ancient sea and lake deposits of Kansas, 
Colorado, Wyoming, Idaho, ete., about 350 species of vertebrated 
animals, of which he has made known to science for the first time 
more than 200. 
* 
Pavcity or Lire IN Oceanic Areas. —Prof. W. B. Carpenter 
Seas,” with the following remarks on the paucity of life in certain 
areas on the ocean bottom :— 
“It is well known that a a muddy state of the bottom water is 
unfavorable to the presence of animal life; and it has been par- 
ticularly noted by Dana, that where such a sediment brought 
AMERICAN NATURALIST, VOL. VII. 
concludes a recent article “On the Physical Conditions of Inland . 
+ 
