4 Cross-Fertilization in Flowers. [ January, 
generally it was considerably less when the pollen was partially 
discharged, than when it was entirely discharged. 
We see very clearly, therefore, how the later development of 
the pistil with the curving of the style in this case accomplishes 
the same end as the flexible bi-lobed stigma placed in front of the 
stamens, as in the Martynia. 
It is very interesting to find in the lower side of the tube, in 
the Penstemon, the fifth stamen, which is sterile and bristling 
with hairs, serving the same purpose, apparently, as the crested 
sepal in the Iris. 
In the Gladiolus a relation of pistil to stamens is found similar 
to that in the Pe Penstemon, while in several of the Ladiate we find - 
both the valve-like arrangement of the stigma and the later 
lengthening and bending of the style. 
In Lobelia syphilitica L., as probably in all the Lobelias, we find 
a very different arrangement, but accomplishing the same result, 
viz: cross-fertilization of the plant. 
The corolla is monopetalous and two-lipped, the lower lip con- 
sisting of three petals and the upper of two. Between the latter 
is a slit extending to the base of the tube. The five stamens are 
free from the corolla and united, their anthers and upper parts of 
the filaments forming a tube; or it may be said, the anthers com- 
bining, form a com- 
mon cell for the pol- 
len, which opens by a 
pore at its apex. Qn 
the lower margin of 
the pore are many 
short stiff hairs, which 
at first project across 
the pore closing it, 
Fic. 7 — Lobelia syphgfitica L., 
in the staminate stag. ripe they turn abruptly 
a, side view, vie size; 0, eres downwards and leave 
view, do. ; c, stamens, do.; 
til, dó.; 4 stigma, E a p it open. There is only 
front view of d ; & pollen cell; ae ‘ : 
A, longitudinal st of do. one pistil, which is 
r EN ue as tet E. BC Bee 
but when the pollen is a 
armed near the end of 
we style with a collar of short stiff hairs, similar in size and _ 
_ character to those on the anthers just mentioned. The end of the . 
style with its hairs forms the bottom of the pollen-cell before _ 
