1879. ] Geology and Paleontology, 3 131 
(20.53), and in nearly the same proportion is the modern low 
(20.09). 
g. The occurrence of one root is more frequent in the lower 
modern (31.51), then in the ancient t (30. 36), and least in the mod- 
ern high (20.10). 
10. I have been able to find in one of the modern higher skulls 
a rare case—a tooth with five roots. 
11. In the lower jaw of all races the third molar nearly always 
has two roots—gI.84’in the modern low, 81.53 in the modern 
high, and 81.84 in the ancient. 
12. I have not found in the modern low, nor in the ancient, a 
case of a lower third molar with four roots, whilst in the higher 
it stands 0.597. 
2. Me occurrence of only one root in the lower third molar 
s by no means rare, and is found more frequently in the ancient 
ae (12. 35), less frequently in the modern high (9.38), and most 
rarely in the modern low (6.12) 
14. Cases 2 spa lower third molar having three roots are not 
lacking, and a ore frequently met with in the modern high 
(8.50), “then in so ancient (6.17), and least in the modern low 
54). 
15. That there is witnessed.in some cases a lack of one or 
more of the third molars is an ethnic fact. 
16. The dogmatical assertions of Owen upon the number of 
roots in the negro races and the whites are therefore false, and the 
morphology of the roots of the third molar has no appreciable 
connection with evolution. 
A remarkable addition 38 ethnological literature is a revision 
‘of Sir Gardiner Wilkinson’s “ Manners and Customs of the An- 
cient Sp preni a by- Dr: fana Birch, and published by Mur- 
ray, London 
GEOLOGY AND PALÆONTOLOGY. 
Extincr MAMMALIA OF OREGON.—A list of Mammalia from the 
Miocene of Oregon was published in the December number of the 
NATURALIST, p. 833. Since that time, Prof. Cope has determined 
the characters of a number of additional species, some of which 
are new to science. Two of them belong to a new genus of 
Carnivora, whose cranial form is that of Putorius or Lutra, and 
which unites the premolar formula 3 with the two superior tuber- 
culars of Canis. It is called Enhydrocyon, with two species, Æ. 
stenocephains and Æ, basilatus. A remarkable primitive type o 
Artiodactyla combining characters of Ruminants and Suillines 
with only two metacarpal bones in each foot, is named Bodcharus. 
The only species, B. Aumerosus, is as large as the Indian rhino- 
eros. new ruminant is Poëbrotherium sternbergit. From 
Loup Fork beds are Luwtrictis? lycopotamicus, and a 
of Protolabis, which is named P. transmontanus. The article ap- us 
pears in mr current number of a Bulletin of the rino REV oe 
