180 Recent Literature. [ March, 
sis used to connect the facts is true to and explains them, then the 
honor is due tothe eminent author. At any rate until the theory 
of descent is cast aside as useless and erroneous, the science of 
Comparative Anatomy, hitherto so unwieldly and overgrown 
with isolated data, must be thus simplified and vivified. 
he student will not find the book easy reading, and he should 
not take it up until he has mastered books like Siebold’s admira- 
ble Comparative Anatomy of the Invertebrates, Rolleston’s Forms 
of Animal Life, Huxley’s Anatomy of the Invertebrates and Verte- 
brates, and some good work on human anatomy. He will then be 
able to appreciate the theory of the origin of vertebrate limbs 
from the fins of fishes, and to understand Gegenbaur’s theory of 
the skull, which will supplant, and indeed has already, Oken’s, 
Geethe’s and Owen’s views based on the consideration of the skulls 
of the highly specialized bony fishes and mammals. The origin 
and specialization of the vertebrate column is also discussed in a 
clear and simple way, most valuable to the student, and so the 
formation of the different organs of special sense, the ear, eye 
and nose, as well as the rise and development of the brain 
e would especially recommend teachers of zoology, com- 
parative anatomy and human anatomy to earnestly study this 
book, as it will aid in the difficult work of presenting the leading 
oer of animal morphology in a simple, condensed, logical 
This English anes which is on the whole well done, for 
the German of the origi inal is difficult to translate, has appeared 
nearly cuba deci with the improved second German 
edition. Gegenbaur has in this edition, removed the Brachiopoda 
from the Mollusca, and treated them as an independent “ Phylum,” 
equivalent to the Mollusca or Vertebrata, thus paying a silent 
compliment to our countryman, Morse. The Tunicates also stand 
as an independent Phylum or Branch. The sponges are still 
united with the Coelenterates,a place which they may not hold in 
subsequent editions. The illustrations are choice, the typogra- 
phy excellent, and we would recommend the work as the most 
stimulating, suggestive and philosophical treastise the advanced 
student can find. 
ScHMARDA’s ZoOLocy.'—This is on the whole an excellent com- 
pendium of zoology, valuable for the lengthy introductory mat- 
ter, relating to the following subjects in general zoology; inor- 
ganic and organic substances, statics and dynamics of formed ma- 
terial, histology, physiology, development Psychology, the geo- 
graphical distribution of animals, method tudy, and the prin- 
ciples of zoological Ser N The s anai portion begins 
with the lowest Branches and ascends to the highest, the author 
1Zoölogie. Von Lupwic K. SCHMARDA. Zweite umgearbeitete Auflage. I. 
Band, mit 324 Holka. 1877. II. Band. mit 385 Holzschnitten, 1878. Wien, 
8vo, pp. 486, 727. 
