1879. | Recent Literature. 181 
adopting seven “ Divisions” or Branches, 2. ¢., the Protozoa, Calen- 
terata, Echinodermata, Vermes, Condylopoda (Arthropoda), Mol- 
lusca, and Vertebrata. 
The illustrations are numerous, very well engraved and printed, 
and most of them seem original and expressly designed for this 
work. The bibliography is full enough for the purposes of the 
work, and there is a voluminous index. The presswork, and 
paper, and wood cutting is above the average of work done in 
Vienna. 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, FER. 12.—GEN. GARFIELD ON GOVERN- 
MENT SuRVEYs.—The remarks of Gen. Garfield before the House. 
of Representatives in committee on Tuesday last, on the subject 
of the United States Geological surveys, deserve notice. This is 
especially due, because Gen. Garfield has always been friendly to 
the scientific enterprises of our government. But on this occasion 
he presents himself in a different light, for while not desiring to 
be thought to be attacking the surveys, he really places himself 
in opposition to the essential basis of their work, viz., pure 
science. He seems to entertain the idea that pure science is one 
thing, and economic science another; and that while the govern- 
ment may encourage the latter by pecuniary aid, it should not 
assist the former. Now it cannot be too strongly insisted that 
the two things here distinguished, are one and inseparable, and 
that economic science is largely pure science applied to practice, 
and that without pure science, it could not exist. For instance, 
a most important aid to mining prosperity is geology; but geol- 
ogy cannot exist without paleontology; yet paleontology mus 
be regarded as in itself inapplicable to human economy, But on 
this science rests the determination and identification of rock 
Strata everywhere. Now paleontology is itself impossible without 
zoology, a science of all others generally esteemed the most use- 
less. Gen. Garfield’s distinction is impossible. It is true that the 
General may derive some aid and comfort from Maj. Powell's re- 
port to the Secretary of the Interior, on the subject of the surveys, 
but the sentiments of that document are condemned by the scien- 
tific men of the country. 
