430 On the Fertilization of Several Species of Lobelia. (July, 
reach the nectar with their protruded tongues, and they always 
transferred pollen. On several occasions I saw small humble 
bees visit flowers of this species, attracted by their color from 
neighboring beds of verbenas which they often visited; and one of 
them when killed and examined under the microscope was found 
to have its proboscis dusted with oval pollen grains, not to be dis- 
tinguished from those of this lobelia. For some reason I did not 
see a single hive-bee on these plants, although where they are 
abundant they are said to frequent these flowers in large num- 
ers! Twice I saw yellow butterflies (Colas philodice) visit these 
flowers, but though I carefully watched them as, poised on the 
corolla lip, they sipped the nectar, I could not see that they 
removed any pollen, their proboscides being slender enough to 
penetrate the tube without touching the anthers, still, pollen may 
be carried by them occasionally. On several occasions I saw 
specimens of a fly (Calliphora vomitoria) busily engaged at what 
appeared to be eating pollen, and their foreheads always came in 
contact with the anthers or stigma, from both of which, as well as 
the underlying surface of the corolla, they appeared to gather the 
pollen. Specimens of another fly (Syritta pipiens) were seen 
repeatedly on the lip of this flower, but I doubt if they were after 
pollen, and I never saw them come in contact with the anthers 
or stigma.” 
On L. inflata I captured only Augochlora pein and a species of 
Halictus, but observed many individuals of these species, and 
believe that I saw at least two other species of quite similar size 
but very different appearance. 
On L. kalmii specimens of Augochlora pura and two species of 
Halictus were taken. 
Very many humble-bees of all sizes, and probably belonging 
to several species, were seen to visit flowers of L. syphilitica, 
behaving precisely as did the smaller bees on the species pre- 
viously spoken of. Numerous small. bees belonging to several 
species, chiefly of Osmia and Ceratina, were also seen to visit 
these flowers, but they were too small to brush the anthers. On 
one occasion I saw several individuals of Ceratina dupla, a small 
bee, enter the tube of the corolla, and afterwards retreat. Then, 
1 Darwin, Cross and Self Fertilization, American edition, p. 420. 
? Hildebrand has described in the Botanische Zeitung, 1870, p. 638, cases in which 
~ the stigmas of this species could not escape from the anther- fbh and, mea 
there, were self fertilized. ; 
