432 A Contribution to the Zoölogy of Montana. [July, 
As a rule, especially in plants like Z. syphilitica, which are of 
simple habit, the flowers are visited by bees from the lowest one 
of the raceme upward, as has been observed by others to be the © 
case with so many other plants. The humming-bird that I saw 
visiting ZL. cardinalis also acted in precisely the same way. As 
the lowest flowers are the oldest, and consequently the only ones 
in the pistillate stage of development, it is evident that they will 
usually be fertilized by pollen from a distinct plant, and after they 
are all fertilized, pollen is taken from flowers situated higher on 
the raceme for the fertilization of the older flowers of the next 
raceme visited. With the creeping Z. erinus I have noticed that 
bees visit the flowers indifferently, alighting on almost any flower 
which protrudes from the tangle. But after once alighting they 
generally adhere to the branch on which this flower is situated, 
working upward upon it; though this is not invariably the case. 
In many species, perhaps all, the style elongates sufficiently to 
cause the mature stigma to stand at a considerable distance with- 
out the anther-tube, thus making it still more certain that it will 
be brushed by an insect visiting the flower than is the case with 
the tip of the anthers, for a superabundance of pollen admits of an 
occasional failure to remove: it, but it is imperatively necessary 
that each stigma be fertilized. 
aoe a eer 8 uaa co 
A CONTRIBUTION TO THE ZOOLOGY OF MONTANA. 
BY E. D. COPE. 
j eyi Territory of Montana, taken as a whole, is probably the 
most valuable tract of land which has not yet been placed 
under control of a State government, within the limits of the 
United States. As is well known, the diminished elevation of the 
Rocky mountains and adjacent plains, as well as the northward 
bend of the isothermal lines, indicate for Montana a milder 
climate than that of the Territory of Wyoming on the south, and 
that of Dakota on the east. Its agricultural wealth is greater 
than that of either of those Territories, and it is superior to bo 
in the yield of its mines. Timber abounds on its numerous 
mountain ranges, and it is, par excellence, the range of the large 
game of North America. 
_ My acquaintance with this region was chiefly obtained through- 
