494 The Formation of Cape Cod. [August, 
traversing the west-to-east portion of the cape, and extending 
into the ocean at its east shore. The southern moraine, marking 
the farthest bound reached by the ice, forms No Man’s Land, the 
crest of Gay Head, and prominent ranges of hills in the north- 
western part of Martha’s Vineyard, extending north-east nearly 
to Vineyard Haven. Here this series apparently bends to the 
south-east, somewhat as the northern range turns at North Sand- 
wich, but it is concealed beneath plains or the sea for much of 
the way beyond this point. It appears unmistakably, however, 
on Chappaquiddick and Tuckernuck islands, and in Saul’s hills 
and Sankaty Head on Nantucket. The length of the northern 
moraine from the east shore of Cape Cod to the west end of the 
Elizabeth islands is sixty-seven miles, while its total length to 
Port Jefferson, on Long Island, is about one hundred and eighty 
miles. That of the southern moraine, in its course from Sankaty 
Head to No Man’s Land, is fifty miles, and its whole extent as 
yet traced, to the west line of New Jersey, is about three hun- 
dred miles. 
On the islands south of Cape Cod these hills have the follow- 
ing heights in feet above the sea: No Man’s Land about one 
hundred and fifty ; Gay Head one hundred to one hundred and 
forty-five ; about one mile east, near the church, one hundred and 
eighty-five; Prospect hill, the highest on Martha’s Vineyard, two- 
hundred and ninety-five; Peaked hill, a mile south from the last, 
two hundred and ninety ; other hills, reaching from these five miles 
to the north-east, two hundred to two hundred and fifty; Indian hill, 
two hundred and forty-five; Sampson’s hill, on Chappaquiddick 
island, about one hundred; highest part of Tuckernuck, about 
fifty; Macy’s or Pole hill, the highest of Saul’s hills, ninety-one ; 
Folger’s hill, a mile east from the last, eighty-eight, and Sankaty 
Head, the highest point of Nantucket island, one hundred and 
five. The cliffs of Gay Head, at the west end of Martha’s Vine- 
yard, expose a section four-fifths of a mile long, composed at the 
top of the unstratified terminal moraine five to forty feet thick, 
filled with abundant boulders of all sizes, up to twenty feet in 
diameter. This rests on fossiliferous Tertiary beds, probably of 
Miocene age, which dip from 20° to 50° northerly throughout 
the section, and present a most striking succession of brightly- 
Desert ibed in Hitchcock's Geology of Massachusetts, 1833 and 1841; and in Ly- 
ell’s Travels in North America in 1841-2, Vol. I, pp. 203-206. 
