642 Were they Mound-Builders ? [ October, 
the mineral formed in concentric circles, shading off from the 
center to the circumference, and very much resembling some of 
the hornstone disks made from the material at Flint Ridge, in 
Ohio. The upper side of these implements was partially cov- 
ered with the same kind of concrete which adhered to the 
tube. I have endeavored to show this in the engraving. 
Proceeding into the side hill about six feet I came to another 
grave, the first indication of which was the red color of the sur- 
rounding earth; the body was at the same depth as the last, and 
the grave lined with stones in a like manner. Although the 
bones were too badly decayed to judge with certainty, I believe 
this to have been an extended burial, as the skull seemed to be 
in place, and on the same level as the pelvic and leg bones. The 
body had been buried with the head toward the west. The 
first object found was a piece of “slaty graphite” about five inches 
long, four inches broad and two inches thick, the surfaces of which 
are deeply grooved and furrowed, apparently with sharp flint-flakes 
or other stone tools. For what purpose these irregular grooves 
had been made it is difficult to say; they resemble those in the 
so-called sharpening stones, but as this material is soft it could 
not have been used for such a purpose. I think it probable they 
were made to obtain the powdered black lead for purposes of 
decoration, or in the manufacture of a pigment of some kind. 
This piece of ore and the ground for some distance around was 
covered with a red earthy deposit several inches in thickness, 
which had colored the earth and stones, as I first observed, as 
well as the bones and contained relics. In none of the other 
graves was so much of this red substance found, and none at all 
in'some of them. Tt is without doubt red hematite, placed in the 
grave for some purpose. 
Imbedded in this red ore I found two tubes, similar to those 
before described but longer, the perforation large at one end and 
small at the other, and’the striz and drill marks, showing plainly 
on the inside, indicate that the material is stone ; they were nearly 
ten inches long and an inch in diameter. If the uses of these 
tubes were known, we might be able to conjecture why two so 
similar should have been buried in one grave. 
Near the tubes, and also imbedded in the hematite, I found 
what had apparently been a necklace or head-dress, composed of 
= Copper and shell beads ; the former were badly oxydized, and had 
