686 Notes on Pacific Coast Fishes and Fisheries. { November, 
of fish taken, but I can scarcely believe that this offers a sufficient 
explanation, as, although it appears that the trade was scarcely as 
extensive last year as in previous years, the dealers do not speak 
of any considerable diminution. It appears more probable that, 
as all the species of Sebastes (Sebastichthys, Sebastomus, Sebasto- 
_ somus, and Sebastodes of Gill) are commonly called rock-cod, and 
the large green Ophiodon elongatus is known as “cod,” that the 
quantities of these fishes brought fresh to market are, in the fig- 
ures given in the Cyclopedia, included along with that of the 
true Gadus. The dried fish has about fourteen rays in the first, 
fourteen in the second and seventeen in the third dorsal; with 
nineteen in the first, and the same number in the second anal. 
The first dorsal is highest, the third shortest, and the base of 
the second anal is shorter than that of the first. The fishery is 
conducted in much the same manner as that of the Atlantic; the 
fish are taken by trawls in shallow water, by angle-lines in deep 
water, and are headed, split, cleaned and salted on board ship. The 
drying, however, is not done on the spot but is deferred until 
after arrival at San Francisco. Two large establishments for 
drying the fish are situated within ten miles of that city, and at 
one of them, at least, the fish are not dried in piles, but are kept 
in strong red-wood tanks framed together without nails, and dried 
as required by the market, which is principally local. A few of 
the fish are, however, exported to the Pacific shore of South 
America and to Australia. 
The angle-line. is almost exclusively used in the Sea of 
Okkotsk, where rather the larger part of the fish are taken, 
partly on account of the depth of the water, but partly because of 
the abundance, on the sand-banks, of a small Crustacean, called 
by the fishermen a “ sand-flea,’” which attacks and devours the 
fish upon the trawl-line before it can be drawn. The species of 
Orchestia and its allied genera, as well as those of Hippa, are 
commonly called sand-fleas on this coast. 
As has been remarked on the Atlantic coast, the fish are of 
better quality in deep water than on the more accessible banks, 
but as yet the fishery is entirely carried on in what would be 
called shallow water in the Atlantic. In the Sea of Okkotsk 
forty to fifty fathoms is about the usual depth, while at the Sheu- 
é magin islands, the principal fishing locality on the Alaskan coast, 
= ten to fifteen fathoms is the usual depth. The trawls used in the 
