694 Recent Literature. [ November, 
The author in a third chapter attempts to point out an antero- 
posterior repetition of parts in the strobila of the Acalephs. In 
the fourth and fifth chapters a detailed account of the anatomy 
and physiology of Lucernaria is given. A number of new terms 
are adopted; among them ofsophragma for the face-wall of Lu- 
ture of these animals; and the 
adhesive bodies (Colletocystophores) or anchors, is elaborated, and 
these bodies judged to be modified tentacles; certain other bodies 
(digituli) are carefully discussed and compared with similar bodies 
in the Acalephs. The digestive, nervous and reproductive sys- 
tems are described, and then follows Chapter vi on embryology, 
comprising a description of the smallest specimen of /adyclystus 
auricula yet met with, which was one-sixteenth of an inch in 
diameter; but the development within the egg is not given. In 
the chapter on histology a discussion as to the nature of cells is 
introduced in a lengthy foot-note. Clark believed with other 
advanced histologists that “ ced/s so called (no matter whether 
constituted according to the older histologists or according to the 
most recent theory), are, after all, of secondary importance, ane 
that the cy/oblastema (which we do not distinguish from inter- 
cellular substance) is in the main an essential element, the poten- 
tial progenitor of all tissues, and that it projects itself into the 
utmost future of the living body by a process of self-prolifera- 
tion.” This cytoblastema, as Schwann (not Schwa, as printed in 
this memoir) called it, corresponds to the sarcode of Dujardin or 
protoplasm of recent authors, as he remarks incidentally poe 
“all Rhizopods are moving, sentient masses of Cytodastema, an 
that alone.” ieee 
It is now generally believed, and has especially been insiste 
on by Heckel that cilia are prolongations or extensions ma 
protoplasmic substance of the cells from which they arise. i 
discovery was first made by Clark and published by him as, "n 
as 1863. He then stated that “all vibratile cilia originate ın t r 
amorphous intercellular substance.”! He then adds in the dea 
memoir,-which was written in 1869 and 1870, judging by t 
context: “This has particular, reference to those cilia that pist 
cells which are fully developed, and have a distinct cell-mem-- 
brane. It would be true,as a matter of course, in the oe 
of those who hold that Infusoria are composed of sarcode, | 
1 See Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, September, 1863, P- 
2835; avd Annals and Magazine of Natural History, December, 1864. ; 
