722 | General Notes. [ November, 
vey of the area between them and the 11ọth meridian. After 
crossing the arid and volcanic Oregon desert to the alkaline lake 
Albert (where the party narrowly escaped Indian attack) a pecu- 
liar difference was observed between the valleys of the Chewan- 
can and Summer lakes, the latter though only 300 feet lower, and 
but a few miles distant, having a considerably higher temperature. 
Its waters were strongly impregnated with borax, etc. 
Klamath lakes were also visited and found to present the same 
typical features as Pyramid lake, undoubtedly belonging to the 
Great Basin plateau. At Klamath Lieut. Wheeler divided the 
party, himself exploring the Cascade range parallel to the Pacific 
coast, and Lieut. Symons, Mr. Goad and others carrying the 
triangulation to the north. Mount Pitt, 4000 feet above the 
country level and 10,000 feet above the sea, was scaled with great 
difficulty on account of lava, fallen timber and rock-slides ; the 
latter are accumulations of débris held in position by some slight 
and unseen projection, and only requiring the weight of a man or 
removal of a stone to set them in motion. 
“ From another peak, Crater lake came in sight—a vast body 
of water confined in vertical cliffs 2000 feet in height; its area 1s 
about fifty miles and the geological evidence indicated compara- 
tively recent volcanic action. Proceeding northwards many huge 
piles of rock, deep snow banks and innumerable small lakes were 
found, the party, on one occasion, passing through a frozen snow 
tunnel seventy to eighty feet thick. This work on the mountain 
crest was at last stopped by the dense forests and tangled under- 
growth, thousands of acres of which are often set on fire by the 
Indians when driving the game, the entire consumption of oxy- 
gen in the woods causing the flame to rise and form a sheet miles 
in length and from one hundred to five hundred feet high. 
“ Leaving the mountains for the Deschutes valley, it was found 
that the turbulent river of that name, after apparently emptying 
itself into a lake with no outlet, percolated through piled up 
masses of lava on its shores, and reappeared ten miles further 
north. It can never be navigable on account of its numerous 
cascades and rapids. Mount Jefferson was visited but found 
the road 
substance. Interesting data concerning Mount Hood 
feet) were obtained from Mr. Walker, of the Warm Spring agency, 
_ who had ascended it. Far above the snow line, hot steam issues 
from craters on its side; five hundred feet from the top is a largë 
basin with the main crater giving out sulphurous steam. Other 
craters and huge glaciers exist also on its south-east side. The 
= White river, which rises in Mount Hood, owes its name to 4 
sediment of pulverized pumice which is washed far down the 
