1879. | Archeology of the Champlain Valley. 733 
to this people. But another and more ancient people had also 
had a settlement near the same place, whose only relics, so far as 
we know, are such as they buried with their dead. Ona sandy 
ridge near the Missisquoi, about fifteen years ago, an extensive 
pine forest was partially cut away. The trees, some of which had 
been growing perhaps for centuries, had hitherto protected the 
mobile soil from the prevailing winds, but after the clearing the 
sand was blown away until stone objects and fragments of bone 
were disclosed. My friend, Mr. H. H. Dean, of Swanton, 
together with others, thereupon examined the locality and dis- | 
covered that where the old pine forest had stood, some unknown 
race had buried their dead, placing in their graves such objects as 
custom or affection indicated. 
Between twenty and thirty graves in all have been discov- 
ered. A variety of objects have been taken from them, some of 
which were found directly beneath the stumps of large trees. 
These objects differ materially from those which belonged to the 
Algonquins, being of finer material and more excellent workman- 
ship, and most of them closely resemble similar specimens from 
the mounds of the Mississippi valley, many being identical. In 
all cases except two the sand about the bodies was colored a dark 
red, probably by some mixture of red hematite and water, and 
some of the stone implements are stained with this same sub- 
stance. The skeletons in the graves were mostly decomposed, so 
that only few and fragmentary bones have been preserved. A few 
objects made of native copper beaten into shape were found, such 
as chisels, small bars, and beads made of sheet copper rolled into 
tubes, Shell beads almost precisely like some of those figured 
by Mr. C. C. Jones in “ Antiquities of Southern Indians,” have 
been found in considerable number. Of stone implements and 
ornaments a much greater number were found; of these, perhaps 
the most interesting are stone tubes, of which about a dozen 
have been obtained. These are all of similar form, being cylin- 
-drical, the perforation, at one end about half an inch in diam- 
eter, enlarges to nearly an inch in diameter at the other end. — 
hey are of smooth, hard stone, of a drab color in some speci- 
mens, brown in others. They are very nicely formed and 
finished, the surface being smooth and almost polished. The 
small end of the bore was stopped somewhat imperfectly by a - 
‘stone plug ground into shape. The length of the tubes varies 
