734 Archeology of the Champlain Valley. |December, 
from seven inches to thirteen inches. Similar tubes have been 
found on one of the islands in Lake Champlain and near Bur- 
lington, and Mr. S. L. Frey, of Palatine Bridge, N. Y., has 
described! very similar ones from graves at that locality. And in 
most respects the graves which Mr. Frey has discovered resemble 
those found in Swanton to a very remarkable degree. Several 
gorgets, or two-hole stones, some of them made with great skill, 
have been found in the graves, and other objects which may 
properly be classed with them, viz: boat-shaped stones and two 
carved bird-like heads. All of these are made from ornamental 
stone, and are carefully finished and perforated, at each end of the 
base in the heads, and each side of the middle in the boat-stones. 
It is worthy of note how large a proportion of the objects which 
were buried in these graves are ornamental in their character, 
or at least of a higher grade than the ordinary axes, spear, 
arrowpoints and the like. Although specimens of these have 
been found, they do not occur in large quantities, and they do 
not, as is usually the case, make up the greater part of the col- 
lection. 
In North-eastern Vermont there were settlements, formerly 
of the Coosuck Indians, a branch of the Abenaqui, and near 
what is now called Wells river, remains of a village and fort 
were visible not many years ago. So far as my observation 
extends, that portion of Vermont west of the Green mountains 
was more thickly settled, or perhaps it would be more correct to 
say more frequently visited than the eastern portion. As all 
the specimens are obtained in such a manner as to preclude the . 
possibility of fixing even their relative age, this cannot be defi- 
nitely determined, but I am clearly of the opinion that, while 
probably a large part of the objects found are to be considered 
as having been made and used by the Iroquois or Algonquin 
tribes, there are others of a more elaborate pattern, showing 
greater skill and taste, which are to be referred to a more ancient 
and unknown people. I wish to give a general account, neces- 
sarily brief and imperfect, of the several kinds of objects found in 
that part of Vermont and New York which may be properly 
included in the Champlain valley. Copper articles are rare and 
all are of, presumably, Lake Superior native copper beaten into — 
~ the required form. More copper specimens have been found in 
_ T AMERICAN NATURALIST, Val. XIII, p. 637, 
