1879. | Archeology of the Champlain Valley. 737 
a variety as in texture, some pieces being light stone color, others 
black and others of intermediate shades. The smallest jars are 
only known by fragments. From these, so far as we are able to 
reconstruct the jars, we judge that they held about a pint. The 
largest jar is one mentioned in Thompson's “ Vermont.” This 
was found in Middlebury, and held twenty quarts, but I can not 
discover what has become of it. The two jars in the museum at 
Burlington hold, respectively, nine and twenty-four pints. A few 
fragments of pipes have been found made of terra-cotta. Mr. Dem- 
ing has, in his collection, a perfect specimen of very fine material 
of the form which resembles a trumpet, much like some figured 
by Schoolcraft! The Milton pipe, Fig. 3, is of very fine form, of 
a reddish-brown color, smooth and polished on the surface. It is 
about four and a-half inches long, nearly straight except at the 
smaller end, which is abruptly bent down, and at this point the 
bore is but an eighth of an inch in diameter, though it is twice as 
large throughout most of the length, and at the large end, which 
is two inches in diameter, it expands to nearly the same size, 
Across the middle portion of this pipe are five transverse grooves, 
which extend about half way around the body. Dr. Kellogg of 
Plattsburgh has a fragment of what appears to have been a very 
similar pipe from the New York shore of the lake, and some of 
those figured by Schoolcraft were found in that State. In the ab- 
stract of a paper read at the St. Louis meeting of the A. A. A. S., 
and published in Vol. 27 of the “ Proceedings,” I stated that no 
agricultural implements had been found in Vermont. Very soon 
after making this statement I found undoubted implements of that 
character, and while they are by no means abundant, they are- 
certainly not absent, for I have seen quite a number, nearly all of 
them spades, although one or two may have been used as hoes. 
None of the specimens exhibit the regular oval form of western spe- 
cimens, but all are more or less narrowed at one end, and are gen- 
erally lanceolate or leaf-shaped. Nor do they equal the best western 
specimens in regularity of outline and elegance of finish. They 
are all of flint or hornstone, flaked, and are usually strong though 
all are not clumsy. The largest are about ten inches long and 
four inches wide, while the smallest may not be half so large. It 
is not unlikely that agricultural operations may have been carried 
on by the aid of other implements than those usually assigned to 
1 History, &c., of Indian Tribes, Part 1, pls. 8 and 10. 
