740 Archeology of the Champlain Valley. (December, 
plainly, the head of a squirrel or some similar animal. All of the 
above carvings are somewhat oblique with reference to the main 
shaft of the specimens. I have heard of a similar “ pestle” with 
carved end in the State collection at Albany, but I have not seen 
it. May it not be that these articles were either clubs or for 
some similar use, the carving indicating the totem of the owner? 
Of the more common forms of “ pestles,” we have found in Ver- 
mont, I believe, all varieties. Some are fusiform, used, evidently, as 
rollers, since both ends are in some cases polished by the friction 
with the hands, others as obviously used for pounding, as the 
more or less rectangular form precludes the possibility of rolling 
them; one of these is three inches square and nearly a foot and 
a-half long, flat on all sides ; other specimens are flat on two sides 
and rounded on the other two; others are club-shaped, and so on. 
Pipes are rarely found; in all I know of no more than six per- 
fect specimens, though others may be in existence, and probably 
others have been found and destroyed. All of those which I 
have seen are well made, and polished, and while, as compared 
with the elaborately carved specimens from the mounds, our Ver- 
mont specimens appear very plain, yet they are not of inferior 
workmanship though simpler in form. Only one specimen 
exhibits any attempt at imitation of animal form, and this not to 
a very high degree. It is prolonged on one side of the rim to 
form what appears to be the beak of a bird. The form of this 
pipe, Fig. 4, is cylindrical, with an aperture for the stem about half 
way between the rim of the bowl and the base, and transversely to 
this there is another hole through the base as if for suspension 
when not in use. It is over two and a-half inches long, and 
rather moré than one inch in its longest diameter, the cross se¢- 
tion being oval. It is made of a compact, gray, mottled lime- 
stone, well polished over the outside and on the inside of the bowl. 
Another pipe of somewhat different form, made of black lime- 
stone, was found on an island in the lake. This is well polished, 
the upper part cylindrical, or rather urn-shaped ; below this there 
is a narrow rectangular space, and below this it is contracted and 
wedge-shaped. The lower end is deeply notched. It is larger ‘ z 
than the preceding, being three and a-half inches long. The 28 
bowl is very well made and, as in the former specimen, the stem 
enters at the side near the middle. Another pipe of dark clouded 
gypsum, highly polished, is in general form like that of a modern — 
=~ clay pipe. This is described in Vol. v, page 13, of the NAN 
= RALIST. Others I will not take space to describe. oe 
