744 Archeology of the Champlain Valley. (December, 
great admiration. In some the groove is wide and deep, and 
reaches from end to end, each end, in some cases, being ground 
to an edge, in others it is short. Some are flat on both sides, 
others on one, others convex on both. Some have one end 
finished like a gouge and the opposite like a chisel, and in these 
the gouge end is flatter than usual and the excavated portion 
but little concave. Some are of such soft material, as steatite, 
that it is difficult to see how they could have been of much ser- 
vice as implements, but most are of hard stone. Several long 
“ gouges ” have been found which are somewhat peculiar in form. 
All of these are very finely made; in cross. section they are 
shaped like a narrow Gothic arch, the point coming opposite the 
groove, or, in such as have only a short groove, the portion 
above this may be nearly cylindrical. Fig. 2 shows a very fine 
specimen of this sort which is over a foot in length. It is made 
of a rather hard greenish stone and is elegantly formed and pol- 
ished. It is in the collection of Hon. A. B. Holbert of Essex, Vt. 
One of the largest of these specimens is in the collection of Dr. 
Kellogg, of Plattsburgh, and is eighteen inches long, with the 
end opposite the edge broken off, so that its entire length was 
probably considerably more. The groove extends through the 
entire length, and presents the unusual feature of being larger 
above the edge than just at it; the material is basalt. Another 
specimen, found not far from Burlington, less elegantly made and 
more clumsy but yet a very fine specimen, is nineteen inches 
long. 
The different classes of chipped or flaked articles, as scrapers, 
rimers, knives, hatchets, spear, lance and arrow points, are found 
in greater or less abundance on the shores of Lake Champlain. 
Scrapers, similar to those found elsewhere, occur, though rather 
sparingly. The smaller ones are oblong, oval or nearly circular, 
while the larger are more triangular or lanceolate. Some of the 
discoid scrapers are very small, but the abruptly beveled edge 15 
carefully chipped, and their use can scarcely be doubted, although 
similar disks of flint or quartz, half or three-quarters of an inch in 
diameter, are found, which have no such edge. Sometimes chance 
flakes, chipped off in making some other and larger object, have 
been by a little labor converted into scrapers. Some large spec 
mens occur which have a less decided scraper edge, and may 
_ have been skin dressers. 5 
Niece S EnA ty. Sane 1a Re eee 
