v 
748 The Origin of the Domestic Animals. (December, 
industrial point of view, from the beginning of the quaternary 
up to the present (actuelle), or neolithic epoch. During all this 
vast lapse of time nothing happened to interrupt the two-fold, 
ascending, progressive movement; nothing has seemed to disturb 
it. No new element has been suddenly added. This movement 
has, then, operated in the local, autochthonous population with- 
out intrusion and mixture of foreign populations, 
At the beginning of the present epoch, on the contrary, we see 
all at once a new civilization introduced without transitional steps. 
The neolithic, or polished-stone, industry, to which I have given 
the name of Rodenhausienne, appeared all at once without the least 
gradation, and at the same time we find a new human type, the 
brachycephalic type. There was here an invasion. A popula- 
tion from abroad brought here all at once not only the polished 
hatchet, which is only a single fact, but also, and what is espe- 
cially noteworthy, pottery, domestic animals, the cereals, monu- 
ments, dolmens and menhirs, and finally, religious ideas, the wor- 
ship of the dead. All this was completely unknown to the 
autochthonous population of geological times, to the paleolithic 
people. We see that with the polished hatchet appeared six 
domestic animals, the dog, goat, sheep, ox, horse and pig; three 
cereals, wheat, barley and rye, accompanied by a textile plant, the 
flax. It is evident that there took place an industrial revolution 
which corresponds to that produced in America by the arrival of 
the Europeans. It is incontestably the fact that here was a great 
invasion—great at least from the point of view of the results pro- 
duced. It was the first which took place in Western Europe. — 
Whence did this invasion come? The study of the domestic 
animals may tell us. We need not urge the case of the dog, 
which may have preceded the arrival of the invaders. Indeed, 
it is the animal the most anciently and completely domesticated. 
Of all the domestic animals, it is the only one which man has not 
been obliged to care for and watch. We may say, on the con- 
trary, that he watches man. Very valuable from the two-fold 
point of view of personal necessity and of the chase, it was hel 
in high esteem by the savage and nomadic peoples who were 
always on the gui vive and lived only by the products of the 
chase. In fact, the dog is, in our day, quite what he was among 
the people who had no other domestic animals, We may OW — 
say some words as to his origin, 
