758 Historical Sketch of the Science of Botany [December, 
In 1783, was sent over to America from Vienna, a scientific 
expedition under the charge of Prof. Marter, assisted by Dr. 
Stupicz, two gardeners and one designer. From Philadelphia 
they made excursions in Pennsylvania, to Virginia and Carolina. 
In the latter State, Marter met Dr. Schoepf, surgeon in the service 
of the Margrave of Ansbach, another German petit-tyrant who 
sold his poor subjects to the English. Both made together an 
excursion to Florida and the Bahamas. Marter brought large 
collections to Vienna, and Dr. Schoepf afterwards published a 
“ Materia Medica Americana,” Erlangen, 1787, and his “ Travels 
Through the North American States,” Erlangen, 1788. 
An Italian nobleman, Luigi Castiglioni, traveled from 1785 to 
1787 in the Eastern States, and published, 1790, his “ Viaggio negli 
Stati Uniti del America Settentrionale,” in two volumes. The latter 
half of the second volume contains observations on the useful 
plants. Like Wangenheim he gives to his countrymen some 
hints in regard to acclimatation. He describes most of the east- 
ern and southern woody plants and gives a few good drawings 
(Franklinia alatamaha of Marshall, now Gordonia pubescens, 
Quercus banisteriand Rhus venenata). He made himself acquainted 
with the scientific men of the country, and in a passage (p. 163 
second volume) where he objects to the assertion of Raynal 
(Histoire Philosophique et Politique), that America has never pro- 
duced a single prominent man, be it in science, art or any other 
branch, he names, after mentioning a number of military, politi- 
cal and scientific men, the botanists, John Bartram and sons, 
Humphrey Marshall, Manasseh Cutler and Dr. James Greenway 
of Virginia, who made valuable collections. 
Thomas Walter, the author of the Flora Caroliniana, published 
in London, 1787, was born, 1740, in Hampshire in England. He 
made his collections on a small area of scarcely more than twenty- 
five square miles on the Santee river, in South Carolina, but 
though he declares his collection very incomplete, it contains 
over a thousand species. He is a most modest man and not an 
over hasty species-maker. Whenever he is in doubt about a 
species he does not name it, but calls it “anonymous,” for only 
few, he says in the preface, are allowed to name, and so he con- 
cedes to those who are the leaders in science, the right to name 
those plants now first described. To his name on the title — 
he appends “agricola” (farmer), a learned farmer indeed, as the 
