760 Historical Sketch of the Science of Botany [December, 
woodlands, which he brings into three categories, as the south- 
ern, the middle and the northern, each characterized by its pecu- 
liar trees. Very interesting to Western men is his article on the 
colony at Vincennes, on the Wabash, and the early French life 
in Illinois. 
The most important collections of this period were made by 
André Michaux, born in France, 1746. Before Michaux came to 
this country, he had traveled in Persia, 1782 to 1785. Then, in 
September, 1785, he embarked for New York, where he arrived 
in November of the same year. Heestablished two gardens, one 
in New Jersey, the other near Charleston, S. C., for he was sent 
by the French government to collect living plants, to be trans- 
ported to France. His excursions extended from Canada to 
Florida, and, in the west, to the Mississippi; farther than any 
collector before him had traveled. From Charleston he started 
for his first tour to the southern Alleghanies, in April, 1787, and 
returned the rst of July; went to Philadelphia and New York, 
and returned to Charleston in August. Then, in February, 1788, 
he embarked for St. Augustine, Florida; returned to Charleston, 
and started again for the Alleghanies. During the following win- 
ter he was on the Bahama islands, and brought back to Charles- 
ton eight hundred and sixty young trees and shrubs. Then he 
made several excursions to the Alleghanies of North Carolina, 
through the valley of Virginia to Maryland and Pennsylvania. 
From New York he returned to South Carolina, via Baltimore, 
Richmond and Wilmington, and went again to the mountains. 
He returned to his nursery with twenty-five hundred young 
trees, besides many shrubs and other plants. In March, 1792, he 
sold his nursery near Charleston, and went to Philadelphia, col- 
lected in New Jersey and around New York; traveled via Albany 
and the Champlain lake to Montreal and Quebec, and came back 
from there to Philadelphia in December. 
In July, 1793, he undertook his great journey to the far west; 
he crossed the Alleghanies of Pennsylvania, descended the Ohio 
to Louisville; crossed Kentucky and Virginia, back to Philadel- 
phia. In 1794 he visited again the Southern States; in May, 
3 1795, he was in East Tennessee, crossed the Cumberland moun- 
oe tains, arrived, in July, at Louisville, traveled the Wabash up a 
= Vincennes, crossed Illinois, descended the Mississippi in a little 
: boat to the mouth of the Ohio, followed the Cumber land p iver up - : 2 
