1879. | In North America from 163 5 to 1840. 771 
Carolina, M. ay Curtis; in Georgia, Boykin and Le Conte; in 
Florida, Chapman, Leavenworth and Blodgett; in Alabama, 
Gates; in Louisiana, Hale, Carpenter and Riddell, who, in 1835, 
published a Flora of the Western States, and afterward a Flora 
Ludoviciana. Other catalogues of local floras were compiled of 
the plants in the vicinity of Charleston, S. C., by Bachman, 1834; 
of the plants of Columbia, S. C., by Gibbes, 1835; of the plants 
near Baltimore, by Aikin, 1836. Dr. Pitcher collected in Arkan- 
sas, afterwards in Michigan; in Kentucky Dr. Peter and Prof. 
Short; in Illinois the same and Buckley; in Ohio, Lea and Sulli- 
vant; in Michigan, Wright; in Wisconsin, Lapham ; in Missouri, 
Engelmann. 
In the botany of the Californian survey, the first of which 
volume is now published, we find often the quotation of Plantz 
Hartwegiane. 
Theodor Hartweg, a German gardener, was sent by the English 
horticultural society to Mexico and California, where he collected 
during the years 1838-1839. Many of the plants described and 
published by G. Bentham, under the above-mentioned title, in 
1839-1848, occur in what was formerly the northern Mexican 
countries. 
J. N. Nicollet, a Frenchman, employed under the Bureau of To- 
pographical Engineers (since 1838), explored the basin of the 
upper Mississippi during the years 1836-1840. To his party was 
attached the German botanist, Carl Geyer, the large collections of 
whom were sent to Drs. Torrey and Gray. These two bright 
stars had already risen above the horizon of the botanical firma- 
ment, and commenced, at the close of the fourth decennium, their 
great work, the Flora of North America, opening a new epoch in 
the history of American botany. 
The interest in the science of botany was now wide awake 
amongst the American public, and the Government bore its rich 
share of it, spending large sums for scientific purposes, by attach- 
ing scientific men to the nearly unbroken series of expeditions 
-~ and surveys which were now undertaken. 
