1880. | In North America from 1840 togi858. 27 
1820, Newfoundland and the little islands of Miquelon and St. 
Pierre. He published, 1829, Flore de lisle de Terre Neuve, 
which was not finished, and contains only a description of cryp- 
togamous plants. 
A Flora of Labrador was compiled by E. Meyer, professor of 
botany in Kcenigsberg, in 1830, from a small collection by the 
missionary Herzberg, and a number of species made known by 
Schrank, professor of botany in Munich. These plants were col- 
lected by a Danish missionary, Kohlmeister, probably the same 
that Pursh calls Colmaster in his Flora, and the plants of which 
he found in the herbaria of Dickson and Banks. The number of 
all the species of Labrador known at that time, was 198, of 
which 30 are cryptogamous. 
The north-west coast was visited, 1838, by the expedition of 
H. M. S. Sulphur, under the command of Sir Edward Belcher. — 
This expedition explored the Pacific during the years 1836-1842. 
The botanist was Mr. Barclay, in the service of the Kew garden, 
assisted by the surgeon Hinds and Dr. Sinclair. The parts 
visited were Prince William’s sound, Port Mulgrave, both under 
60° N. L., Sitka, Nutka sound, San Francisco, Sacramento river 
and Monterey in California. The botanical collections were 
described by George Bentham, in “ Botany of the voyage of H. 
M. S. Sulphur,” 1844, with 60 plates. 
The U. S. Naval exploring expedition, under the command of 
Charles Wilkes, which crossed the Pacific during the years 1838 
to 1842, in every direction, arrived, 1841, in Oregon. Charles 
Pickering was collector on this expedition. The Columbia river 
up to Walla Walla, and the Willamette valley were examined: 
afterwards the Sacramento river down to San Francisco, In Ore- 
gon were collected 1218 species, and 519 in Northern California ; 
the whole collection of this expedition amounting to 9600 spe- 
cies, were examined. The phanerogamous plants were described 
by Dr. Torrey ; the ferns of the expedition, by Dr. Brackenridge ; 
the mosses by Mr. Sullivant ; and the lower PIPS by other 
botanists. 
N. J. Andersson, a Swedish botanist, natiis of the voyage 
around the world of the Swedish frigate Eugene, collected in 1852, 
in California; he took particular notice of the willows, and in 1858, 
he published in Proceedings of American Academy of Arts and 
Sciences, a “Synopsis of North American Willows,” of which he — 
